Sampling Size Determination: Application in Geochemical Sampling for Environmental Impact Assessment.

Quantification of the uncertainties associated with environmental geochemical prediction, such as the function of sample size, remains a concern when performing impact assessments, more specifically Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA). While the determination of sample size in the EIA is limited,...

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Publicado en:Environmental Management Vol. 75; no. 7; pp. 1886 - 1899
Autores principales: Zhou, Meng, Chihobve, Elizabeth, Zhao, Baojin, Song, Zhen
Formato: Journal Article
Publicado: Springer Nature Jul2025
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: Jul2025
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      pub: Springer Nature
      place: New York, New York
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        10.1007/s00267-025-02195-1
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        atl: Sampling Size Determination: Application in Geochemical Sampling for Environmental Impact Assessment.
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          Zhou, Meng
          Chihobve, Elizabeth
          Zhao, Baojin
          Song, Zhen
        affil: https://ror.org/03h17x602 School of Sciences, Southwest Petroleum University, 8 Xindu Avenue, 610500, Chengdu, China
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      ab: Quantification of the uncertainties associated with environmental geochemical prediction, such as the function of sample size, remains a concern when performing impact assessments, more specifically Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA). While the determination of sample size in the EIA is limited, there is a definite need for the development of a statistical method, together with a protocol, to address geochemical sample sizing and representative analyses. Based on Central Limit Theorem, this article proposes a statistical method to determine sample sizes, by use of the Vaal River tailing dams in the Witwatersrand Basin and slag dumps of Transalloys Co., Witbank, South Africa, as case studies. It also discusses factors such as confidence intervals, acceptable sampling errors, etc., that could influence sample size estimation, and recommends a trade-off strategy to reduce the sample size for economic reasons. A sample size determination formula was derived at to be used for EIA research and practical work, namely n = ( Z α / 2 × S d) 2 (n - sample number taken), Z α / 2 - obtained from confidence level, S - standard deviation from the sample, d - sampling error, and a benchmark for sampling error was proposed: d benchmark = S n for stakeholders to make wise decisions.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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