Recent Insights Into Breast Cancer: Molecular Pathways, Epigenetic Regulation, and Emerging Targeted Therapies.

Breast cancer remains the most prevalent malignant tumor and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide. The disease comprises distinct molecular subtypes that influence tumor behavior, metastatic potential, and therapeutic response. This review presents recent advances in bre...

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Publicado en:Breast Cancer: Basic & Clinical Research pp. 1 - 21
Autores principales: Maqsood, Quratulain, Khan, Muhammad Umer, Fatima, Tehreem, Khalid, Sania, Malik, Zaryab Ikram
Formato: pictorial review tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: Sage Publications Inc. 7/13/2025
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: 7/13/2025
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      pub: Sage Publications Inc.
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        atl: Recent Insights Into Breast Cancer: Molecular Pathways, Epigenetic Regulation, and Emerging Targeted Therapies.
      aug:
        au:
          Maqsood, Quratulain
          Khan, Muhammad Umer
          Fatima, Tehreem
          Khalid, Sania
          Malik, Zaryab Ikram
        affil: Department of Food Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
      sug:
        subj:
          Breast Neoplasms Physiopathology
          Epigenomics
          Research, Medical
          Pathology, Molecular
          Disease Progression
          Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
          Signal Transduction
          Receptors, Estrogen Physiology
          Epidermal Growth Factors Physiology
          Fibroblast Growth Factors Physiology
          Wnt Proteins Physiology
          Stem Cells Physiology
          Neoplastic Processes
          Histones Diagnostic Use
          MicroRNA Diagnostic Use
          Tumor Markers, Biological
          DNA Methyltransferases Diagnostic Use
          Breast Neoplasms Prognosis
          Breast Neoplasms Therapy
          Individualized Medicine
          T Lymphocytes
          Nanoparticle Drug Delivery System
          RNA, Circular Physiology
      ab: Breast cancer remains the most prevalent malignant tumor and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide. The disease comprises distinct molecular subtypes that influence tumor behavior, metastatic potential, and therapeutic response. This review presents recent advances in breast cancer research, with a particular emphasis on molecular and epigenetic mechanisms that contribute to tumor development, progression, and treatment resistance. Key signaling pathways—including estrogen receptor (ER), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), Notch, fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), Wnt, and Hedgehog—play essential roles in the regulation of mammary stem cells and oncogenesis. Increasing evidence highlights the significance of epigenetic alterations such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNA expression in modulating gene activity relevant to tumor initiation and therapy resistance. Epigenetic molecular targets, including DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), histone deacetylases (HDACs), EZH2, and non-coding RNAs, are gaining attention for their potential use in diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted therapy. Integration of multigene panel testing with epigenetic biomarkers has facilitated improved risk assessment and the development of individualized treatment strategies. Moreover, novel therapeutic approaches—such as CAR-T cell therapy, nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery systems, and the involvement of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in immune modulation—offer promising directions for precision medicine. This review consolidates current insights into the molecular and epigenetic landscape of breast cancer to provide a comprehensive understanding of disease complexity and to inform the development of more effective, personalized treatment options.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        pictorial
        review
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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