Levels of depression, anxiety, and stress among emerging adults in the Philippines: an exploratory spatial analysis.

Background Despite the enactment of the mental health law, mental illness in the Philippines is the third most prevalent form of morbidity; hence, screening is warranted, especially among Filipino emerging adults. This exploratory spatial analysis study aimed to identify spatial clusters of depressi...

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Publicado en:Journal of Public Health Vol. 47; no. 2; pp. 149 - 160
Autores principales: Regencia, Zypher Jude G, Marteja Jr., Vergel T, Baja, Emmanuel S
Formato: equations & formulas pictorial research tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: Oxford University Press / USA Jun2025
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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        atl: Levels of depression, anxiety, and stress among emerging adults in the Philippines: an exploratory spatial analysis.
      aug:
        au:
          Regencia, Zypher Jude G
          Marteja Jr., Vergel T
          Baja, Emmanuel S
        affil: Department of Clinical Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines-Manila, Pedro Gil Street, Ermita, Manila 1000, Philippines
      sug:
        subj:
          Depression Epidemiology
          Anxiety Epidemiology
          Stress, Psychological Epidemiology
          Filipinos Psychosocial Factors
          Geographic Information Systems
          Human
          Philippines
          Funding Source
          Exploratory Research
          Convenience Sample
          Scales
          Severity of Illness
          Prevalence
          Anxiety Evaluation
          Stress, Psychological Evaluation
          Male
          Female
          Sex Factors
          Mental Health
          Adolescence
          Adult
          Data Analysis Software
          Descriptive Statistics
          Inferential Statistics
          Confidence Intervals
          Adolescent: 13-18 years
          Adult: 19-44 years
          Male
          Female
      ab: Background Despite the enactment of the mental health law, mental illness in the Philippines is the third most prevalent form of morbidity; hence, screening is warranted, especially among Filipino emerging adults. This exploratory spatial analysis study aimed to identify spatial clusters of depression, anxiety, and stress among Filipino emerging adults. Methods A convenience sampling online self-administered survey was used to collect data from 18 to 29 Filipinos (n = 2729) in the Philippines. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales–21 was utilized to ascertain the participant's level of depression, anxiety, and stress. Coordinates were plotted with administrative boundaries and OpenStreetMap layer using the software ArcGIS, and clusters were evaluated using the Mapping Clusters—Hot Spot Analysis and Spatial Autocorrelation (Moran's I). Results Results of mapping clusters regarding age group and sex showed that Pangasinan, Nueva Ecija, Tarlac, Pampanga, Bulacan, Rizal, Laguna, Cavite, and the National Capital Region in Luzon Island are considered hotspots for severe and extreme levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. These conditions were most prevalent among early emerging adults and females. Conclusion Our study provided spatial locations of populations susceptible to mental health disorders, and these preliminary findings have implications for health policy and program expansion for mental health.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        equations & formulas
        pictorial
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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