GABA, Glx, and GSH in the cerebellum: their role in motor performance and learning across age groups.

Introduction: The cerebellum is essential for motor control and learning, relying on structural and functional integrity. Age-related atrophy leads to Purkinje cell loss, but subtle neurochemical changes in GABA, Glx (glutamate + glutamine), and glutathione (GSH) may precede degeneration and contrib...

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Publicado en:Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience pp. 1 - 22
Autores principales: Van Malderen, Shanti, Hehl, Melina, Verstraelen, Stefanie, Breugelmans, Robbe, Oeltzschner, Georg, Swinnen, Stephan P., Cuypers, Koen
Formato: diagnostic images equations & formulas pictorial research tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      pub: Frontiers Media S.A.
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        10.3389/fnagi.2025.1626417
        186715284
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        atl: GABA, Glx, and GSH in the cerebellum: their role in motor performance and learning across age groups.
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          Van Malderen, Shanti
          Hehl, Melina
          Verstraelen, Stefanie
          Breugelmans, Robbe
          Oeltzschner, Georg
          Swinnen, Stephan P.
          Cuypers, Koen
        affil: Neuroplasticity and Movement Control Research Group, Rehabilitation Research Institute (REVAL), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
      sug:
        subj:
          GABA In Adulthood
          Glutamine In Middle Age
          Glutathione In Old Age
          Cerebellum Radiography
          Motor Skills
          Learning
          Age Factors
          Task Performance and Analysis
          Human
          Male
          Female
          Adult
          Middle Age
          Aged
          Aged, 80 and Over
          Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
          Brain Anatomy and Histology
          Excitatory Amino Acid Agents
          Funding Source
          Cerebellar Diseases
          Vision
          Aging
          Data Analysis Software
          Adult: 19-44 years
          Middle Aged: 45-64 years
          Aged: 65+ years
          Aged, 80 & over
          Male
          Female
      ab: Introduction: The cerebellum is essential for motor control and learning, relying on structural and functional integrity. Age-related atrophy leads to Purkinje cell loss, but subtle neurochemical changes in GABA, Glx (glutamate + glutamine), and glutathione (GSH) may precede degeneration and contribute to motor decline. Methods: 25 younger (YA) and 25 older adults (OA) were included in this study. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), using the MEGA-PRESS sequence, was used to investigate how age affects GABA, Glx and GSH levels in the right cerebellar hemisphere, and their relationship with motor performance, measured using a visuomotor bimanual tracking task (BTT). Results: In line with previous work YA outperformed OA on both the simple and complex task variants of the BTT. Furthermore, YA demonstrated faster short-term motor learning as compared to OA. On the metabolic level, no significant age group differences in cerebellar GABA, Glx or GSH levels, nor any task-related modulation of GABA or Glx were observed. Additionally, neither baseline neurometabolite levels nor their modulation predicted motor performance or learning. Discussion: These results align with previous research suggesting that neurometabolic aging is region-specific, with the cerebellum potentially being more resilient due to its slower aging process. Since neither baseline nor task-related modulation of GABA, Glx, or GSH predicted motor performance or learning, cerebellar neurometabolite concentrations may not directly underlie age-related behavioral changes. Instead, volumetric decline and changes in structural and functional connectivity in the aging cerebellum may play a more significant role in motor decline as compared to neurochemical alterations. Nonetheless, it is important to consider that motor performance and learning rely on distributed brain networks—including cortical and subcortical structures—which also undergo age-related changes and may contribute to observed behavioral declines. While our findings do not support a direct role of cerebellar neurometabolite levels in age-related motor performance differences, they underscore the complexity of neurochemical aging.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        diagnostic images
        equations & formulas
        pictorial
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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