Examining the association between toilet access and major depression among older adults in India: a cross-sectional analysis of the Longitudinal Aging Study in India from 2017 to 2018.

Inadequate access to toilets, which often results in open defecation, could be a risk factor for depression among India's older and ageing population. Using cross-sectional data from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India from 2017 to 2018, we assessed associations between the lack of a toilet and ma...

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Publicado en:Age & Ageing Vol. 54; no. 7; pp. 1 - 9
Autores principales: Jain, Anoop, Pitchik, Helen O, Kim, Rockli, Subramanian, S V, Glymour, M Maria
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: Oxford University Press / USA Jul2025
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Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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        atl: Examining the association between toilet access and major depression among older adults in India: a cross-sectional analysis of the Longitudinal Aging Study in India from 2017 to 2018.
      aug:
        au:
          Jain, Anoop
          Pitchik, Helen O
          Kim, Rockli
          Subramanian, S V
          Glymour, M Maria
        affil:
          Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
          Division of Epidemiology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
          Health Policy and Management, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
          Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Cambridge, MA, USA
          Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
          Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
      su:
        India
        Mental depression risk factors
        Cross-sectional method
        Mental health
        Home environment
        Emotions
        Anxiety
        Psychological stress
        Shame
        Middle age
        Old age
        Restrooms
        Risk assessment
        Descriptive statistics
        Longitudinal method
        Odds ratio
        Confidence intervals
      sug:
        subj:
          Mental depression risk factors
          Cross-sectional method
          Mental health
          Home environment
          Emotions
          Anxiety
          Psychological stress
          Shame
          Middle age
          Old age
          India
          Offices of Mental Health Practitioners (except Physicians)
          All Other Personal Services
          Restrooms
          Risk assessment
          Descriptive statistics
          Longitudinal method
          Odds ratio
          Confidence intervals
      keyword:
        depression
        Longitudinal Aging Study in India
        mental health
        older people
        sanitation
        depression
        Longitudinal Aging Study in India
        mental health
        older people
        sanitation
      ab: Inadequate access to toilets, which often results in open defecation, could be a risk factor for depression among India's older and ageing population. Using cross-sectional data from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India from 2017 to 2018, we assessed associations between the lack of a toilet and major depression among 64 082 women and men above the age of 45. In our adjusted multilevel model, we found no association between the lack of a household toilet and the risk of major depression (OR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.79 to 1.11). We also found no association when we stratified by respondent's sex or age. Finally, we did not find any consistent association between toilet access and major depression across India's states and Union Territories. Despite our results, it is possible that inadequate access to sanitation is associated with acute feelings of anxiety, stress and shame—as has been shown in previous studies—but that this is not associated with major depression. Therefore, more research is required to examine associations between toilet access and other more proximal mental health outcomes.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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