Development and Validation of the Gender/Race Acknowledgment and Disregard Scales (G/RADS)

People can disregard or acknowledge social categories to mask or confront prejudice and discrimination in their everyday interactions. Yet little is known about the role of context in the expression of these judgments. Furthermore, research on disregard and acknowledgment of social categories has fo...

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Publicado en:Sex Roles Vol. 91; no. 8; pp. 1 - 20
Autores principales: Fine, Rachel D., Schudson, Zach C., Beischel, Will J., Gelman, Susan A.
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: Springer Nature Aug2025
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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        10.1007/s11199-025-01606-1
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        atl: Development and Validation of the Gender/Race Acknowledgment and Disregard Scales (G/RADS)
      aug:
        au:
          Fine, Rachel D.
          Schudson, Zach C.
          Beischel, Will J.
          Gelman, Susan A.
        affil:
          https://ror.org/0168r3w48 Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, USA
          https://ror.org/03e26wv14 Department of Psychology, California State University, Sacramento, 6000 J St, 95816, Sacramento, CA, USA
          https://ror.org/04b6x2g63 Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, USA
          https://ror.org/00jmfr291 Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
      keyword:
        Discrimination
        Gender
        Gender/Race Acknowledgment and Disregard Scales
        Prejudice
        Psychology and Cognitive Sciences Psychology
        Race
        Racism
        Scale validation
        Sexism
        Discrimination
        Gender
        Gender/Race Acknowledgment and Disregard Scales
        Prejudice
        Psychology and Cognitive Sciences Psychology
        Race
        Racism
        Scale validation
        Sexism
      ab: People can disregard or acknowledge social categories to mask or confront prejudice and discrimination in their everyday interactions. Yet little is known about the role of context in the expression of these judgments. Furthermore, research on disregard and acknowledgment of social categories has focused almost wholly on race (i.e., racial color-blindness and multiculturalism), to the exclusion of other social categories, such as gender. Accordingly, we developed the Gender/Race Acknowledgment and Disregard Scales (G/RADS) to assess individual differences in the degree to which people believe they disregard and/or acknowledge gender and race in their everyday interactions and their beliefs about structural disregard and acknowledgment. Across six studies we demonstrated that the G/RADS are internally reliable (Study 1a and 1b) and show acceptable test-retest reliability (Study 2a and 2b) and criterion-related validity (Studies 3a and 3b). We also demonstrated the importance of differentiating between systemic and interpersonal disregard and acknowledgment. In Studies 3a and 3b, we found that the intention to vote for candidates who acknowledged gender and race over candidates who disregarded gender and race was negatively correlated with systemic disregard and positively correlated with systemic acknowledgment. The G/RADS offers a new tool for investigating people’s complex attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors around race and gender.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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