Anticlericalism, effeminacy and homosexuality in early twentieth-century Portuguese and Brazilian anarchism.

This article analyses discourses within Brazilian and Portuguese anarchist periodicals on the subject of homosexuality. It shows that many concepts and languages employed by the anarchist movement were what may now be termed both heterosexist and homophobic. Rather than straightforwardly condemn the...

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Publicado en:Journal of Iberian & Latin American Studies Vol. 31; no. 2; pp. 175 - 193
Autor principal: Cleminson, Richard
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: Taylor & Francis Ltd Aug2025
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Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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        au: Cleminson, Richard
        affil: Spanish, Portuguese and Latin American Studies, University of Leeds, UK
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        Homosexuality
        Anarchism
        Twentieth century
        Gender nonconformity
        Heterosexism
        Secularism
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          Homosexuality
          Anarchism
          Twentieth century
          Gender nonconformity
          Heterosexism
          Secularism
      keyword:
        anticlericalism
        Brazil
        homosexuality
        Portugal
      ab: This article analyses discourses within Brazilian and Portuguese anarchist periodicals on the subject of homosexuality. It shows that many concepts and languages employed by the anarchist movement were what may now be termed both heterosexist and homophobic. Rather than straightforwardly condemn the movement for this approach, however, the article seeks to understand "homosexuality," often expressed as sexual inversion or pederasty, as a relational category, which formed connections with broader ideological concerns that the anarchist movement held as important. In the early twentieth century, these concerns were often related to the influence of religion. Forging an association between anticlericalism, the denunciation of Church sexual abuse and other issues such as antimilitarism and the promotion of rationalism and sexual science, anarchists developed a position on homosexuality that reinforced their stance against religion and what they perceived as expressions of unjust influence and power. This approach was transnational in nature, being fomented by anarchists who criss-crossed the Atlantic. By the mid-1920s, however, the rather blunt association between Catholicism and homosexuality began to wane as influential voices engaged with scientific thought on the question; such a move also reflected the shift from viewing homosexuality as a practice to one acknowledging emerging same-sex identities.
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