What affects defensive responding?: Investigating the effects of parental stress, knowledge, and family empowerment on defensive response in Latinx families of children with disabilities.

AbstractObjectivesMethodsResultsConclusionsLatinx families of children with disabilities often experience high parental stress, limited knowledge of special education, and systemic barriers, leading to defensive responding—emotional reactivity and resistance—that hinders family-school collaboration....

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Published in:International Journal of Developmental Disabilities pp. 1 - 12
Main Authors: Rios, Kristina, Hong, Hyeri
Format: Journal Article
Published: Taylor & Francis Ltd Aug2025
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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        20473869
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      jtl: International Journal of Developmental Disabilities
      issn: 20473869
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      dt: Aug2025
      pid: 377
      pub: Taylor & Francis Ltd
      place: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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        187336171
        10.1080/20473869.2025.2546625
        187336171
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      ppct: 11
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        atl: What affects defensive responding?: Investigating the effects of parental stress, knowledge, and family empowerment on defensive response in Latinx families of children with disabilities.
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        au:
          Rios, Kristina
          Hong, Hyeri
        affil: California State University
      sug:
      ab: AbstractObjectivesMethodsResultsConclusionsLatinx families of children with disabilities often experience high parental stress, limited knowledge of special education, and systemic barriers, leading to defensive responding—emotional reactivity and resistance—that hinders family-school collaboration.This study examined how parental stress, knowledge, and empowerment predict defensive responding in 96 Latinx parents.Results showed that stress, particularly related to parent-child dysfunctional interaction (PCDI) and perceptions of a difficult child, strongly predicts defensive responding. Knowledge was also pivotal, directly influencing defensive responding and mediating the empowerment-defensive response link. However, empowerment had no direct effect. Notably, knowledge amplified PCDI, intensifying defensive behaviors.These findings highlight the dual role of knowledge and empowerment: essential for advocacy but potentially heightening stress. Interventions should address stress, improve parent-child relationships, and provide culturally responsive support. Tailored strategies promoting emotional regulation, connection, and systemic change are crucial for reducing defensive responding and fostering effective family-school partnerships.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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