What Counts? Exploring the Rhetorical and Argumentative Role of Visualized Metrics in Understanding the Pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the significant role of numerical data in public communication. Pandemic statistics shaped both individual and collective decisions. This paper examines a distinct digital genre that emerged across 11 Polish media outlets: COVID counters—multimodal genres that integ...

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Published in:Topoi: An International Review of Philosophy Vol. 44; no. 3; pp. 749 - 762
Main Author: Modrzejewska, Ewa
Format: Article
Published: Springer Nature Aug2025
Subjects:
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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        atl: What Counts? Exploring the Rhetorical and Argumentative Role of Visualized Metrics in Understanding the Pandemic.
      aug:
        au: Modrzejewska, Ewa
        affil: https://ror.org/039bjqg32 Rhetoric and Media Department, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
      su:
        COVID-19
        Data visualization
        Risk perception
        Rhetoric
        Public communication
        Critical literacy
        Statistics
        Content analysis
      sug:
        subj:
          COVID-19
          Data visualization
          Risk perception
          Rhetoric
          Public communication
          Critical literacy
          Statistics
          Content analysis
      keyword:
        Argumentation
        Counter
        COVID
        Numbers
        Visual rhetoric
      ab: The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the significant role of numerical data in public communication. Pandemic statistics shaped both individual and collective decisions. This paper examines a distinct digital genre that emerged across 11 Polish media outlets: COVID counters—multimodal genres that integrate numerical, verbal, and visual elements to present real-time pandemic data. Applying a visual rhetorical framework, the study explores their persuasive and argumentative functions. While ostensibly neutral in reporting pandemic metrics, these counters served as rhetorical resources capable of supporting divergent—and at times conflicting—claims or opinions. In some instances, they could have been misleading or presented figures that were difficult to assess without specific contextual knowledge. The analysis raises three key concerns: the comprehension of visualized numbers and their rhetorical potential; the role of numerical data in shaping public and individual knowledge amid uncertainty and risk; and the necessity of multiliteracy skills for critically engaging with numerical data. By demonstrating how (visualized) numbers can shape different interpretations of the pandemic situation, this paper contributes to broader discussions on the epistemic risks and persuasive power of data visualization in online environments.
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    language: English
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