Hard‐To‐Reach and Hidden Groups in Health‐Related Research—A Scoping Review.

Aims: The aim of this scoping review was to identify hard‐to‐reach and hidden groups in health‐related research and to understand the recruitment methods used with these groups. Design: The presented scoping review has an exploratory perspectiveand was conducted in accordance with Arksey and O'Malle...

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Publicado en:Journal of Advanced Nursing (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.) Vol. 81; no. 9; pp. 5793 - 5806
Autores principales: Törnävä, Minna, Palonen, Mira, Harju, Eeva, Haapa, Toni, Rissanen, Marja‐Liisa, Kylmä, Jari
Formato: research systematic review tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Sep2025
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      jtl: Journal of Advanced Nursing (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.)
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      dt: Sep2025
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      pub: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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        10.1111/jan.16779
        187503168
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        atl: Hard‐To‐Reach and Hidden Groups in Health‐Related Research—A Scoping Review.
      aug:
        au:
          Törnävä, Minna
          Palonen, Mira
          Harju, Eeva
          Haapa, Toni
          Rissanen, Marja‐Liisa
          Kylmä, Jari
        affil: Social Services and Health Care, Tampere University of Applied Sciences, Tampere, Finland
      sug:
        subj:
          Research, Medical
          Research Subject Recruitment
          Minority Groups Psychosocial Factors
          Human
          Male
          Female
          Scoping Review
          Conceptual Framework
          CINAHL Database
          Medline
          LGBTQ+ Persons Psychosocial Factors
          Persons with Substance Use Disorders Psychosocial Factors
          Sex Work Psychosocial Factors
          Persons with Mental Disorders Psychosocial Factors
          Persons with Disabilities Psychosocial Factors
          Immigrants Psychosocial Factors
          Victims Psychosocial Factors
          Snowball Sample
          Respondent Validation
          World Wide Web
          Equality
          Psychological Well-Being
          Descriptive Statistics
          Data Analysis Software
          Persons with Alcoholism Psychosocial Factors
          Prisoners Psychosocial Factors
          Homeless Persons Psychosocial Factors
          Ethnic Groups Psychosocial Factors
          Transgender Persons Psychosocial Factors
          Questionnaires
          Interviews
          Male
          Female
      ab: Aims: The aim of this scoping review was to identify hard‐to‐reach and hidden groups in health‐related research and to understand the recruitment methods used with these groups. Design: The presented scoping review has an exploratory perspectiveand was conducted in accordance with Arksey and O'Malley's framework and the PRISMA‐ScR guidelines. Data Sources: A comprehensive search of CINAHL and MEDLINE databases was performed for studies published up to November 2022. The searches were updated in December 2024. Review Methods: Relevant papers were identified via specific search terms and inclusion and exclusion criteria. Two authors independently assessed eligible literature and extracted relevant data, which was analysed and synthesised to answer the research questions. The analysis method used was descriptive analysis with quantification. Results: Overall, 1024 studies were screened. The included studies were published between 2001 and 2022. A total of 41 studies were included in the review. In this data, groups were defined mostly as hard‐to‐reach and hidden. The groups were divided into eight categories: LGBTQ+ community, intoxicant users, sex workers and their clients, marginalised groups, mental health care seekers and users, impaired persons, people living outside their original home country and victims of abuse or neglect. Recruitment methods were varied, with snowball sampling, respondent‐based sampling and websites being the most used. Conclusion: This review provides insight into the current knowledge on hard‐to‐reach and hidden study groups. In studies targeting hard‐to‐reach and hidden groups, the use of concepts is variable and inconsistent. Impact: In clinical nursing practice, it is important to identify hidden and hard‐to‐reach groups, as the goal of equality is to improve the health and well‐being of all individuals, including marginalised groups. Reporting Method: Reporting was guided by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis ex‐tension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR). Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        systematic review
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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