A semantic strategy instruction intervention aimed at boosting young and older adults' visual working memory capacity.

Greater semantic availability (meaningfulness) within visual stimuli can positively impact visual working memory performance. Across two experiments, we investigated the effects of semantic availability and, for the first time, semantic strategy instruction on visual working memory performance. Expe...

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Published in:Memory & Cognition Vol. 53; no. 6; pp. 1677 - 1696
Main Authors: Hart, Rebecca, Nicholls, Louise A. Brown
Format: Article
Published: Springer Nature Aug2025
Subjects:
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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      dt: Aug2025
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      pub: Springer Nature
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        10.3758/s13421-024-01676-8
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        atl: A semantic strategy instruction intervention aimed at boosting young and older adults' visual working memory capacity.
      aug:
        au:
          Hart, Rebecca
          Nicholls, Louise A. Brown
        affil: https://ror.org/00n3w3b69 Department of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, 40 George Street, G1 1QE, Glasgow, UK
      su:
        United Kingdom
        Task performance
        Age distribution
        Randomized controlled trials
        Analysis of variance
        Semantics
        Cognition
        Adults
        Old age
        Data analysis
        Research funding
        Statistical sampling
        Factorial experiment designs
        Questionnaires
        Probability theory
        Mann Whitney U Test
        Experimental design
        Statistics
        Neuropsychological tests
        Semantic memory
        Visual perception
        Short-term memory
        Comparative studies
      sug:
        subj:
          Task performance
          Age distribution
          Randomized controlled trials
          Analysis of variance
          Semantics
          Cognition
          Adults
          Old age
          United Kingdom
          Marketing Research and Public Opinion Polling
          Data analysis
          Research funding
          Statistical sampling
          Factorial experiment designs
          Questionnaires
          Probability theory
          Mann Whitney U Test
          Experimental design
          Statistics
          Neuropsychological tests
          Semantic memory
          Visual perception
          Short-term memory
          Comparative studies
      keyword:
        Psychology and Cognitive Sciences Psychology
        Visual working memory · Strategy instruction training · Semantic long-term memory · Cognitive ageing/aging
        Psychology and Cognitive Sciences Psychology
        Visual working memory · Strategy instruction training · Semantic long-term memory · Cognitive ageing/aging
      ab: Greater semantic availability (meaningfulness) within visual stimuli can positively impact visual working memory performance. Across two experiments, we investigated the effects of semantic availability and, for the first time, semantic strategy instruction on visual working memory performance. Experiment 1 focused on young adults' (aged 18–35 years) strategies during visual matrix task recognition. Results highlighted an existing propensity to report incorporating a semantic strategy. Interestingly, there was no significant effect of semantic availability within the task stimuli. Semantic strategy instruction also did not boost, or indeed hinder, accuracy. Experiment 2 incorporated older adults (aged 60–87 years) and highlighted marked differences in capacity with older age. Greater semantic availability reliably benefitted capacity for young adults only. Furthermore, semantic strategy instruction neither boosted nor hindered capacity, even in older adults. There were also some interesting patterns regarding reported strategy use across groups. Again, participants reported spontaneously using semantic strategies, particularly young adults. However, instruction may have encouraged more frequent use of semantic strategies in older adults. Finally, the results suggest a role for task practice, likely related to strategy development and implementation over time. Future semantic strategy instruction protocols may need to incorporate more extensive training and/or practice to benefit working memory capacity.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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