Effect of Mirror Therapy Versus Cognitive Therapeutic Exercise on Upper Limb Functionality, Autonomy, and Poststroke Quality of Life: A Randomized Trial.

Importance: A combination of rehabilitation techniques may be useful to optimize individualized treatment and efficient resource utilization. Objective: To assess the effect of cognitive therapeutic exercise (CTE) and mirror therapy (MT) combined with task-oriented training (TOT) on upper limb funct...

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Published in:American Journal of Occupational Therapy Vol. 79; no. 5; pp. 1 - 14
Main Authors: Fernández-Solana, Jessica, Vélez-Santamaría, Rodrigo, Moreno-Villanueva, Adrián, Álvarez-Pardo, Sergio, González-Bernal, Jerónimo, Santamaría-Peláez, Mirian, González-Santos, Josefa
Format: research tables/charts randomized controlled trial Journal Article
Published: American Occupational Therapy Association Sep/Oct2025
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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      dt: Sep/Oct2025
      vid: 79
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      pub: American Occupational Therapy Association
      place: North Bethesda, Maryland
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        10.5014/ajot.2025.050834
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        atl: Effect of Mirror Therapy Versus Cognitive Therapeutic Exercise on Upper Limb Functionality, Autonomy, and Poststroke Quality of Life: A Randomized Trial.
      aug:
        au:
          Fernández-Solana, Jessica
          Vélez-Santamaría, Rodrigo
          Moreno-Villanueva, Adrián
          Álvarez-Pardo, Sergio
          González-Bernal, Jerónimo
          Santamaría-Peláez, Mirian
          González-Santos, Josefa
        affil: Jessica Fernández-Solana, PhD, OT, PT, is Associate Lecturer, Occupational Therapist, and Physiotherapist, Department of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain.
      sug:
        subj:
          Mirror Therapy
          Rehabilitation, Cognitive
          Therapeutic Exercise
          Upper Extremity Physiopathology
          Autonomy Evaluation
          Stroke Complications
          Stroke Rehabilitation
          Quality of Life Evaluation
          Task Performance and Analysis
          Functional Training Methods
          Motor Skills Evaluation
          Paralysis Rehabilitation
          Arm Physiopathology
          Functional Assessment
          Activities of Daily Living Evaluation
          Human
          Randomized Controlled Trials
          Random Assignment
          Comparative Studies
          Stroke Patients
          Treatment Outcomes
          Prospective Studies
          Multicenter Studies
          Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design
          Academic Medical Centers
          Spain
          Scales
          Clinical Assessment Tools
          Combined Modality Therapy
          Analysis of Covariance
          Data Analysis Software
          Descriptive Statistics
          Nonprobability Sample
          Male
          Female
          Middle Age
          Aged
          Aged, 80 and Over
          Ischemic Stroke Rehabilitation
          Hemorrhagic Stroke Rehabilitation
          Neuropsychological Tests
          Middle Aged: 45-64 years
          Aged: 65+ years
          Aged, 80 & over
          Male
          Female
      ab: Importance: A combination of rehabilitation techniques may be useful to optimize individualized treatment and efficient resource utilization. Objective: To assess the effect of cognitive therapeutic exercise (CTE) and mirror therapy (MT) combined with task-oriented training (TOT) on upper limb functionality, fine and gross motor skills, use of the paretic arm, functional independence in activities of daily living (ADLs), and quality of life among people with subacute stroke. Design: Randomized trial, longitudinal, and multicenter study with one control group (CG) and two experimental groups (EGs) who were assessed before, after, and 3 mo posttreatment. Setting: University of Burgos and Burgos University Hospital, Burgos, Spain. Participants: One hundred twenty patients with subacute stroke and motor symptoms in the upper limb recruited through consecutive nonprobabilistic sampling and excluding those with tremor due to another neurological disease or cognitive impairment. Intervention: MT + TOT (EG1) and CTE + TOT (EG2) over 20 1-hr sessions. T3he CG received usual therapy (TOT) that simulated everyday situations. Outcomes and Measures: The studied variables were evaluated with the Action Research Arm Test, Box and Block Test, Motor Activity Log, FIM™–Functional Assessment Measure, and Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Scale. Results: Statistically significant differences were found between the CG group and both EGs, with improvements in upper limb functionality, fine and gross motor skills, use of the paretic arm, functional independence in ADLs, and quality of life. No differences were found between EGs. Conclusions and Relevance: Application of these combined interventions improved all variables studied. Plain-Language Summary: This study found that the use of cognitive therapeutic exercise and mirror therapy combined with task-oriented training may improve upper limb functionality, fine and gross motor skills, the use of the paretic arm, functional independence in activities of daily living, and quality of life among people with subacute stroke. The authors assess the effect of cognitive therapeutic exercise and mirror therapy combined with task-oriented training for people with subacute stroke.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        tables/charts
        randomized controlled trial
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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