Decoding Tattoo Inks: Multiple Analysis Techniques Reveal Discrepancies in Ingredient Composition and Elemental Content When Compared Against Label Claims.
Permanent body art has grown in popularity in recent years, with millions of individuals having black/monochrome or colorful tattoos. With this decision to get a tattoo comes risk: Injecting coloring compounds into the skin has been reported to cause allergies, skin inflammation, and systemic disord...
| Publicado en: | Journal of Environmental Health Vol. 88; no. 2; pp. 8 - 19 |
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| Autores principales: | , , , |
| Formato: | pictorial research tables/charts Journal Article |
| Publicado: |
National Environmental Health Association
Sep2025
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| Acceso en línea: | Ver este registro en EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=187816962&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: ccm uiTerm: 187816962 longDbName: CINAHL Complete uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: dissinfo: jinfo: jid: 00220892 EVH jtl: Journal of Environmental Health issn: 00220892 maglogo: N pubinfo: dt: Sep2025 vid: 88 iid: 2 pid: 1160 pub: National Environmental Health Association place: Denver, Colorado artinfo: ui: 187816962 187816962 187816962 10.70387/001c.143999 187816962 ppf: 8 ppct: 11 formats: fmt: @attributes: type: P tig: atl: Decoding Tattoo Inks: Multiple Analysis Techniques Reveal Discrepancies in Ingredient Composition and Elemental Content When Compared Against Label Claims. aug: au: Aljubran, Batool A. Ross, Kirstin E. Alexander, Ula N. Lenehan, Claire E. affil: College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University sug: subj: Tattooing Pigments Analysis Molecular Structure Spectrophotometry, Infrared Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Crystallography Spectrum Analysis, Raman Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission Spectrum Analysis Methods Aluminum Sodium Silicon Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Safety Hydrocarbons, Aromatic Metals Amines Product Labeling ab: Permanent body art has grown in popularity in recent years, with millions of individuals having black/monochrome or colorful tattoos. With this decision to get a tattoo comes risk: Injecting coloring compounds into the skin has been reported to cause allergies, skin inflammation, and systemic disorders. Despite the growing number of tattooed individuals, there are currently few regulations, laws, and safety criteria for tattoo and permanent cosmetic formulations. The goal of our study was to identify the pigments in a set of commercially available yellow tattoo inks. We examined a set of previously unstudied yellow tattoo inks: lemon yellow (LY), golden yellow (GY), golden rod (GR), and bright orange (BO). We also examined reference pigments: pigment yellow 14 (PY14), pigment yellow 65 (PY65), pigment blue 15 (PB15), and pigment orange 13 (PO13). Both sets of inks were examined using a range of techniques, including Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, X-ray di. raction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). We report that the combined use of these techniques can provide major insights into ink composition without needing di. cult and time-consuming sample preparation. Results of our study indicate that the ink compositions di. ered from what was described on the labels. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the tattoo inks tested included additional elements that were not listed as ingredients, such as aluminium (AI), sodium (Na), and silicon (Si). These unlabeled ingredients raise concerns about the regulation, health e. ects, and degradation products of tattoo inks. pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: pictorial research tables/charts Journal Article ougenre: Article language: English refInfo: holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
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