Detecting Feigned Pain Using an Eye‐Tracker Integrated Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS).

The Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) is routinely used to assess pain severity. A recently developed NPRS integrated the pain scale with an eye tracker (NPRSETI). As part of this study, we explored the NPRSETI's utility to detect feigned pain, an ongoing challenge facing clinicians. To achieve thi...

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Publicado en:Pain Practice Vol. 25; no. 7; pp. 1 - 14
Autores principales: Braw, Yoram, Goor‐Aryeh, Itay, Ratmansky, Motti
Formato: research tables/charts randomized controlled trial Journal Article
Publicado: Wiley-Blackwell Sep2025
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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        atl: Detecting Feigned Pain Using an Eye‐Tracker Integrated Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS).
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          Braw, Yoram
          Goor‐Aryeh, Itay
          Ratmansky, Motti
        affil: Department of Psychology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
      sug:
        subj:
          Chronic Pain Diagnosis
          Pain Measurement Methods
          Eye Movements
          Reproducibility of Results Evaluation
          Human
          Randomized Controlled Trials
          Random Assignment
          Outpatient Service
          Comparative Studies
          Adult
          Adolescence
          Middle Age
          Aged
          Male
          Female
          Data Analysis Software
          Algorithms
          Descriptive Statistics
          Pearson's Correlation Coefficient
          Exploratory Research
          Scales
          Adult: 19-44 years
          Adolescent: 13-18 years
          Middle Aged: 45-64 years
          Aged: 65+ years
          Male
          Female
      ab: The Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) is routinely used to assess pain severity. A recently developed NPRS integrated the pain scale with an eye tracker (NPRSETI). As part of this study, we explored the NPRSETI's utility to detect feigned pain, an ongoing challenge facing clinicians. To achieve this aim, chronic pain outpatients were randomly assigned to a simulation (i.e., requested to exaggerate their pain; n = 34) or a control condition (i.e., requested to genuinely report their pain severity; n = 35). They then rated their pain using the NPRSETI. Eye movement analyses indicated that simulators spent more time gazing at the higher NPRSETI pain ratings before providing their pain ratings and less time at the leftward ("No pain") anchor afterward. The discrimination capacities of these measures, however, were poor. In contrast, pain ratings using the NPRSETI showed excellent discriminative capacity, with a pain rating of 10 associated with 94.3% specificity and 26.5% sensitivity. Overall, the study's findings further indicate the feasibility of incorporating an eye tracker to evaluate the severity of pain. Though the findings at present do not support the utility of NPRSETI‐based eye movement measures as validity indicators, pain ratings showed promise as a simple screen of feigned pain. The preliminary nature of the findings, however, calls for further research. Such research may aid in further developing effective indicators of feigned pain and hopefully clarify cognitive processes (e.g., experienced cognitive load) involved in pain deception. Perspective: The NPRSETI enables pain ratings by patients with severe motor and speech impairments. While eye movements were not adequate in detecting feigned pain, participants' pain ratings showed initial promise. As this is a preliminary study, further research is recommended.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        tables/charts
        randomized controlled trial
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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