Effect of Combining Inspiratory Muscle Training with Deep Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercises on Diaphragm Excursion in Subjects with Multiple Sclerosis.

Objective: Multiple sclerosis (MS) involves respiratory muscle weakness that can lead to critical complications. Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) is a therapeutic intervention that effectively strengthens the respiratory muscles. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of IMT combined wit...

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Published in:NeuroRehabilitation Vol. 57; no. 2; pp. 216 - 224
Main Authors: Ahmad, Ahmad Mahdi, Ali Ahmed, Reham Ali Mohamed, Hassan, Mai Helmy, Ali, Heba Mohammed
Format: clinical trial research tables/charts Journal Article
Published: Sage Publications Inc. Sep2025
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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      dt: Sep2025
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      pub: Sage Publications Inc.
      place: Thousand Oaks, California
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        atl: Effect of Combining Inspiratory Muscle Training with Deep Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercises on Diaphragm Excursion in Subjects with Multiple Sclerosis.
      aug:
        au:
          Ahmad, Ahmad Mahdi
          Ali Ahmed, Reham Ali Mohamed
          Hassan, Mai Helmy
          Ali, Heba Mohammed
        affil: Department of Physical Therapy for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disorders, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
      sug:
        subj:
          Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation
          Respiratory Muscles Physiology
          Diaphragm Physiology
          Breathing Exercises
          Therapeutic Exercise
          Training Effect (Physiology) Evaluation
          Human
          Clinical Trials
          Nonrandomized Trials
          Respiratory Therapy
          Male
          Female
          Adult
          Scales
          Descriptive Statistics
          Chi Square Test
          Paired T-Tests
          Analysis of Covariance
          Data Analysis Software
          Adult: 19-44 years
          Male
          Female
      ab: Objective: Multiple sclerosis (MS) involves respiratory muscle weakness that can lead to critical complications. Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) is a therapeutic intervention that effectively strengthens the respiratory muscles. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of IMT combined with deep diaphragmatic breathing exercises with respect to diaphragm excursion, respiratory muscle strength, and fatigue in subjects with MS. Methods: Thirty-six subjects with MS, aged 25–45 years, with mild to moderate disability, were assigned equally to a study and an active control group. The study group (i.e., the IMT group) received IMT combined with deep diaphragm breathing exercises, while the control group received only deep diaphragm breathing exercises. The interventions were provided for 15 min, three days per week, and 8 weeks. The primary outcome measure was diaphragm excursion, and the secondary outcome measures were maximal inspiratory pressure (Pimax), fatigue severity scale (FSS), and pulmonary dysfunction index (PDI). Results: The IMT group showed significantly more improvements in diaphragm excursion (p < 0.001), Pimax (p = 0.002), FSS (p < 0.001), and PDI (p < 0.001) than the control group. Conclusion: IMT combined with deep diaphragmatic breathing exercises could lead to better improvements in diaphragm excursion, inspiratory muscle strength, fatigue symptoms, and PDI than deep diaphragmatic breathing exercises alone in subjects with MS and mild to moderate disability.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        clinical trial
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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