How the Word "Bilingual" Simplifies Reality: Insights from the Paraguayan Experience.

This article presents an overview of the current situation of Paraguay's languages, focusing on the Indigenous languages spoken in the territory and their multilingual practices. Using the previous literature on the languages of Paraguay, census data, and legal texts, I show how the myth of Spanish-...

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Published in:Journal of Multilingual Theories & Practices Vol. 6; no. 1; pp. 80 - 113
Main Author: Pöllänen, Roosa
Format: Article
Published: University of Toronto Press Sep2025
Subjects:
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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        atl: How the Word "Bilingual" Simplifies Reality: Insights from the Paraguayan Experience.
      aug:
        au: Pöllänen, Roosa
        affil: Languages, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
      su:
        Indigenous languages of the Americas
        Language planning
        Language policy
        Multilingualism
        Social attitudes
        Bilingualism
        Eurocentrism
        Paraguay
      sug:
        subj:
          Paraguay
          Indigenous languages of the Americas
          Language planning
          Language policy
          Multilingualism
          Social attitudes
          Bilingualism
          Eurocentrism
      keyword:
        bilingualism
        Indigenous languages of Paraguay
        language planning
        small-scale multilingualism
      ab: This article presents an overview of the current situation of Paraguay's languages, focusing on the Indigenous languages spoken in the territory and their multilingual practices. Using the previous literature on the languages of Paraguay, census data, and legal texts, I show how the myth of Spanish-Paraguayan Guaraní bilingualism has influenced societal perceptions and policies and, as a consequence, how the Indigenous languages have received very little attention in both academic and social contexts. It is argued that by challenging Western ideas of language and bi- and multilingualism, and re-evaluating Western practices of defining and naming languages, a more adequate picture of language use in Paraguay can be achieved, leading to the development of more inclusive language description and planning for the country's Indigenous languages.
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    language: English
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