Specific Absorption Rate Optimization in Microwave Cancer Hyperthermia via Local Power Synthesis Algorithm.

Simple Summary: This study investigates the application of the Alternating Projections Algorithm (APA) for specific absorption rate (SAR)-based optimization in microwave hyperthermia treatment planning. This method leverages a two-level power mask to iteratively shape the electric field distribution...

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Publicado en:Cancers Vol. 17; no. 17; pp. 2813 - 2832
Autores principales: Firuzalizadeh, Maryam, Gaffoglio, Rossella, Giordanengo, Giorgio, Righero, Marco, Vecchi, Giuseppe
Formato: algorithm equations & formulas pictorial research tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: MDPI Sep2025
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: Sep2025
      vid: 17
      iid: 17
      pid: 97109
      pub: MDPI
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        187985492
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        187985492
        10.3390/cancers17172813
        187985492
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        atl: Specific Absorption Rate Optimization in Microwave Cancer Hyperthermia via Local Power Synthesis Algorithm.
      aug:
        au:
          Firuzalizadeh, Maryam
          Gaffoglio, Rossella
          Giordanengo, Giorgio
          Righero, Marco
          Vecchi, Giuseppe
        affil: Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy
      sug:
        subj:
          Algorithms
          Microwaves Therapeutic Use
          Hyperthermia, Induced
          Neoplasms Therapy
          Particle Swarm Optimization
          Absorption
          Head Anatomy and Histology
          Neck Anatomy and Histology
          Models, Anatomic
          Funding Source
          Human
          Temperature
          Phantoms, Imaging
          Electromagnetics
          Descriptive Statistics
          Heat
          Tissue
          Software
          Electric Impedance
      ab: Simple Summary: This study investigates the application of the Alternating Projections Algorithm (APA) for specific absorption rate (SAR)-based optimization in microwave hyperthermia treatment planning. This method leverages a two-level power mask to iteratively shape the electric field distribution, focusing energy deposition in the tumor region while limiting exposure in healthy tissues. To enhance the effectiveness of this approach, an adaptive mask threshold selection strategy is introduced, based on quantitative metrics that evaluate energy spillover. The performance of APA is assessed using two numerical models of the head and neck (H&N) region: a simplified cylindrical model and a realistic anatomical phantom. Comparative analysis are conducted against the widely used particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique. Results demonstrate that APA achieves comparable tumor coverage while offering superior hotspot suppression, positioning it as a promising deterministic alternative to meta-heuristic SAR optimization strategies. Objective: Microwave hyperthermia is a clinically validated adjunctive therapy in oncology, employing antenna applicators to selectively raise tumor tissue temperature to 40–44 °C. For deep-seated tumors, especially those in anatomically complex areas like the head and neck (H&N) region, phased array antennas are typically employed. Determining optimal antenna feeding coefficients is crucial to maximize the specific absorption rate (SAR) within the tumor and minimize hotspots in healthy tissues. Conventionally, this optimization relies on meta-heuristic global algorithms such as particle swarm optimization (PSO). Methods: In this study, we consider a deterministic alternative to PSO in microwave hyperthermia SAR-based optimization, which is based on the Alternating Projections Algorithm (APA). This method iteratively projects the electric field distribution onto a set of constraints to shape the power deposition within a predefined mask, enforcing SAR focusing within the tumor while actively suppressing deposition in healthy tissues. To address the challenge of selecting appropriate power levels, we introduce an adaptive power threshold search mechanism using a properly defined quality parameter, which quantifies the excess of deposited power in healthy tissues. Results: The proposed method is validated on both a simplified numerical testbed and a realistic anatomical phantom. Results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves heating quality comparable to PSO in terms of tumor targeting, while significantly improving hotspot suppression. Conclusions: The proposed APA framework offers a fast and effective deterministic alternative to meta-heuristic methods, enabling SAR-based optimization in microwave hyperthermia with improved tumor targeting and enhanced suppression of hotspots in healthy tissue.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        algorithm
        equations & formulas
        pictorial
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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