Sex- and sport-specific differences among elite strength and physique competitors.
We aimed to characterize and compare elite strength athletes and physique athletes and to investigate potential sex differences and the contribution of muscle size to strength in this unique population. We examined male and female strength athletes (n =12), physique athletes (n =13) and non-trained...
| Publicado en: | International Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 46; no. 11; pp. 827 - 840 |
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| Autores principales: | , , , , , |
| Formato: | equations & formulas research tables/charts Journal Article |
| Publicado: |
Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart
Oct2025
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| Acceso en línea: | Ver este registro en EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=188155424&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: ccm uiTerm: 188155424 longDbName: CINAHL Complete uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: dissinfo: jinfo: jid: 01724622 NH4 jtl: International Journal of Sports Medicine issn: 01724622 maglogo: N pubinfo: dt: Oct2025 vid: 46 iid: 11 pid: 4536 pub: Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart artinfo: ui: 188155424 188155424 188155424 10.1055/a-2597-1900 188155424 ppf: 827 ppct: 13 formats: tig: atl: Sex- and sport-specific differences among elite strength and physique competitors. aug: au: Hulmi, Juha J Ojala, Jeve Lappi, Veli-Matti Cronin, Neil J Törmäkangas, Timo Ahtiainen, Juha P affil: Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland sug: subj: Athletes, Elite Psychosocial Factors Athletic Performance Evaluation Body Building Physiology Sex Factors Muscle Strength Evaluation Muscle, Skeletal Physiology Sports Physiology Human Male Female Adult Anthropometry Muscle, Skeletal Radiography Muscle, Skeletal Anatomy and Histology Torque Ultrasonography Physical Endurance Evaluation Physical Fitness Evaluation Exercise Physiology Isometric Contraction Physiology Jumping Biceps Brachii Muscles Physiology Adipose Tissue Distribution Task Performance and Analysis Sporting Events Europe Europe Body Composition Movement Two-Way Analysis of Variance T-Tests Mann-Whitney U Test Pearson's Correlation Coefficient Lower Extremity Anatomy and Histology Fatigue Weight Lifting Physiology Questionnaires Japan Descriptive Statistics Data Analysis Software Adult: 19-44 years Male Female ab: We aimed to characterize and compare elite strength athletes and physique athletes and to investigate potential sex differences and the contribution of muscle size to strength in this unique population. We examined male and female strength athletes (n =12), physique athletes (n =13) and non-trained controls (n =14). Anthropometry, maximal strength and strength endurance, and muscle cross-sectional area (ultrasound) were measured. Statistical significance was set at p <0.05. Although strength athletes excelled in their own sports, generic dynamic (leg press and arm curl one repetition maximum) or isometric knee extension torque did not differ compared to physique athletes. However, strength athletes had better muscle power in vertical jumps, while the cross-sectional area of biceps brachii was higher and body fat was lower in physique athletes. Males were more muscular and stronger, whereas females performed more repetitions in a multiple-set leg press protocol. Athletes had better strength/cross-sectional area ratios than controls only in complex tasks, but not in simple strength tasks. Partial correlation analysis with sex and training background as covariates showed that the cross-sectional area moderately explained the variance in maximal strength. In conclusion, strength athletes and physique athletes differ in sport-specific muscle size and power. In these athletes, the muscle size contributes to muscle strength. Finally, females have better strength endurance than males, independent of the training background. pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: equations & formulas research tables/charts Journal Article ougenre: Article language: English refInfo: holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
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