Validity and Reliability of the Kessler 6 Scale for Serious Mental Illness Among Populations with High Burden of HIV.

The Kessler 6 (K6) scale has been widely used to screen for serious mental illness (SMI) in general populations. Given that populations with high burden of HIV may be more likely to experience poor mental health outcomes, it is important to validate measures used to assess SMI among these groups. Us...

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Published in:AIDS & Behavior Vol. 29; no. 10; pp. 3141 - 3149
Main Authors: Lewis, Rashunda, Adams, Monica, Olansky, Evelyn, Sionean, Catlainn
Format: research tables/charts Journal Article
Published: Springer Nature Oct2025
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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      dt: Oct2025
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      pub: Springer Nature
      place: New York, New York
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        10.1007/s10461-025-04765-0
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        atl: Validity and Reliability of the Kessler 6 Scale for Serious Mental Illness Among Populations with High Burden of HIV.
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          Lewis, Rashunda
          Adams, Monica
          Olansky, Evelyn
          Sionean, Catlainn
        affil: https://ror.org/042twtr12 Division of HIV Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Mailstop US8-4, 30329, Atlanta, GA, USA
      sug:
        subj:
          Instrument Validation
          Scales Evaluation
          Mental Disorders Diagnosis
          Severity of Illness
          HIV Infections
          Global Burden of Disease
          Psychometrics
          Human
          Male
          Female
          Validation Studies
          Reliability and Validity
          HIV-Positive Persons
          United States
          Exploratory Research
          Factor Analysis
          Construct Validity
          Feedback
          Internal Consistency
          Persons Who Use Intravenous Drugs
          Transactional Sex
          Gay Persons
          Bisexual Persons
          Men Who Have Sex With Men
          Psychological Distress
          Funding Source
          Hopelessness
          Psychomotor Agitation
          Sadness
          Risk Assessment
          Coefficient alpha
          Scales
          Sex Work
          Male
          Female
      ab: The Kessler 6 (K6) scale has been widely used to screen for serious mental illness (SMI) in general populations. Given that populations with high burden of HIV may be more likely to experience poor mental health outcomes, it is important to validate measures used to assess SMI among these groups. Using data from CDC's National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (NHBS) system in the United States, we examined psychometric characteristics of the K6 scale, including exploratory factor analysis, scale reliability, construct validity, and review of interviewer feedback to explore scale performance in the field. Analyses confirmed a single factor structure and demonstrated that the K6 scale had high internal consistency and construct validity. Although interviewers noted that the effort item was difficult for some participants to understand, psychometric properties were not greatly improved with the deletion of the item. The results of this analysis suggest that the K6 scale is appropriate for use among NHBS populations with a high burden of HIV, including persons who inject drugs, heterosexually active adults at increased risk for HIV infection, women who exchange sex for money or drugs, and gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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