Application of machine learning in migraine classification: a call for study design standardization and global collaboration.

Migraine is a complex neurological disorder with diverse clinical phenotypes and a multifaceted pathophysiology, which poses substantial challenges for accurate diagnosis, subtype differentiation, and biomarker discovery. Machine learning (ML) techniques have emerged as promising tools for classifyi...

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Publicado en:Journal of Headache & Pain Vol. 26; no. 1; pp. 1 - 14
Autores principales: Petrušić, Igor, Messina, Roberta, Pellesi, Lanfranco, Azorin, David Garcia, Chiang, Chia-Chun, Pietra, Adriana Della, Ha, Woo-Seok, Labastida-Ramirez, Alejandro, Onan, Dilara, Ornello, Raffaele, Raffaelli, Bianca, Rubio-Beltran, Eloisa, Ruscheweyh, Ruth, Tana, Claudio, Vuralli, Doga, Waliszewska-Prosół, Marta, Wang, Wei, Wells-Gatnik, William David, Martelletti, Paolo, Raggi, Alberto
Formato: research systematic review tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: Springer Nature 10/2/2025
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      pub: Springer Nature
      place: New York, New York
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        10.1186/s10194-025-02134-9
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        atl: Application of machine learning in migraine classification: a call for study design standardization and global collaboration.
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          Petrušić, Igor
          Messina, Roberta
          Pellesi, Lanfranco
          Azorin, David Garcia
          Chiang, Chia-Chun
          Pietra, Adriana Della
          Ha, Woo-Seok
          Labastida-Ramirez, Alejandro
          Onan, Dilara
          Ornello, Raffaele
          Raffaelli, Bianca
          Rubio-Beltran, Eloisa
          Ruscheweyh, Ruth
          Tana, Claudio
          Vuralli, Doga
          Waliszewska-Prosół, Marta
          Wang, Wei
          Wells-Gatnik, William David
          Martelletti, Paolo
          Raggi, Alberto
        affil: https://ror.org/02qsmb048 Laboratory for Advanced Analysis of Neuroimages, Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 12-16 Studentski Trg Street, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
      sug:
        subj:
          Machine Learning Utilization
          Migraine Classification
          Pain Management Methods
          World Health
          Collaboration
          Migraine Diagnosis
          Study Design Methods
          Human
          Funding Source
          Systematic Review
          PubMed
          Classification Algorithms
          Artificial Intelligence Ethical Issues
          Individualized Medicine
          Discriminant Analysis
          Research, Medical
          Biological Markers
          Deep Learning Methods
          Neuroradiography
          Descriptive Statistics
          Phenotype
          International Relations
      ab: Migraine is a complex neurological disorder with diverse clinical phenotypes and a multifaceted pathophysiology, which poses substantial challenges for accurate diagnosis, subtype differentiation, and biomarker discovery. Machine learning (ML) techniques have emerged as promising tools for classifying migraine patients and uncovering the underlying neurobiological mechanisms that differentiate migraine types and subtypes. This systematic review identifies current ML classification models for migraine types and subtypes, evaluating the quality, reproducibility, and clinical utility of published studies. The findings demonstrate that current ML models, particularly support vector machines and linear discriminant analysis, can accurately classify migraine patients based on structural and functional neuroimaging features with accuracies ranging from 75 to 98%. However, quality assessment revealed significant methodological heterogeneity across studies, including inconsistent reporting of model performance, insufficient patient phenotyping, small and imbalanced datasets, and limited external validation. These limitations hinder the global generalizability and reproducibility of these studies. We propose a roadmap for future research emphasizing well-characterized clinical subgrouping, standardized data acquisition and feature engineering protocols, transparency in model development and reporting, and collaborative multicentric designs to enable large-scale validation. Furthermore, this review stresses the importance of incorporating real-world phenotypic data, such as treatment response, comorbidities, and digital phenotyping metrics, to enrich ML models and support the transition toward precision medicine in migraine care. Ultimately, this review highlights the urgent need for methodological rigor in migraine ML classification studies to bridge the gap between experimental success and clinical applicability.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        systematic review
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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