Telemedicine Challenges in Latin-America: Outcomes from Telerehabilitation Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Cali, Colombia—A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted in-person healthcare and accelerated the adoption of telemedicine, for which most low- and middle-income countries were unprepared. This study describes the population, service delivery, and therapeutic outcomes of telerehabilitation in Cali, Colombia, during...

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Published in:Advances in Rehabilitation Science & Practice Vol. 14; pp. 1 - 13
Main Authors: Pacichana-Quinayaz, Sara Gabriela, Rodríguez Vélez, Lina María, Sánchez Cano, Daniel, Hernández Orobio, Olga Marina, Tovar Sánchez, María Ana, Toro Córdoba, Gloria Isabel, Bonilla-Escobar, Francisco Javier
Format: research tables/charts Journal Article
Published: Sage Publications Inc. 10/1/2025
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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      dt: 10/1/2025
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        atl: Telemedicine Challenges in Latin-America: Outcomes from Telerehabilitation Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Cali, Colombia—A Retrospective Cohort Study.
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        au:
          Pacichana-Quinayaz, Sara Gabriela
          Rodríguez Vélez, Lina María
          Sánchez Cano, Daniel
          Hernández Orobio, Olga Marina
          Tovar Sánchez, María Ana
          Toro Córdoba, Gloria Isabel
          Bonilla-Escobar, Francisco Javier
        affil: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Research Group in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation at Universidad del Valle (GIRUV), Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
      sug:
        subj:
          Telemedicine Latin America
          Telerehabilitation
          COVID-19 Pandemic Colombia
          Treatment Outcomes
          Health Care Delivery
          Resource-Limited Settings
          Human
          Funding Source
          Male
          Female
          Adult
          Middle Age
          Aged
          Retrospective Design
          Record Review
          Prospective Studies
          Latin America
          Colombia
          Low and Middle Income Countries
          Rehabilitation Centers
          Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test
          Kruskal-Wallis Test
          Chi Square Test
          Fisher's Exact Test
          Trauma
          Mental Disorders
          Descriptive Statistics
          Rehabilitation, Vocational
          COVID-19
          Confidence Intervals
          Adult: 19-44 years
          Middle Aged: 45-64 years
          Aged: 65+ years
          Male
          Female
      ab: Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted in-person healthcare and accelerated the adoption of telemedicine, for which most low- and middle-income countries were unprepared. This study describes the population, service delivery, and therapeutic outcomes of telerehabilitation in Cali, Colombia, during the pandemic, and identifies factors influencing its feasibility to guide future implementation in similar low-resource settings. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using medical records from 2 rehabilitation centers in Cali, Colombia, including patients who received synchronous telerehabilitation between January 2020 and December 2021. Data on demographics, diagnoses (grouped as mental health, neurological, chronic, post-traumatic, or unspecified), and outcomes (recovery, dropout, continued care) were collected using a structured form and analyzed with descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests (Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis, chi-square, or Fisher's exact), with significance set at p <.05. Results: We analyzed 1572 patients receiving telerehabilitation. Most were women (65.4%), aged 36 to 64 (46.5%), with trauma sequelae (32.8%) and mental health conditions (26.3%) as common diagnoses. Main services were physiatry (32%), psychosocial therapy (29%), and physiotherapy (27%). Most sessions were by phone (67.5%) and completed successfully (90%). Recovery was reported in 6.4% of cases; 13.3% completed treatment, 72.3% required ongoing care, and 3% dropped out. Completion was more common in older patients (p <.05). Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic underscored telerehabilitation's vital role in Latin America, revealing access gaps and the need for further research to address socioeconomic, educational, and digital barriers affecting vulnerable populations. The patterns of telerehabilitation utilization varied notably by age, sex, and diagnosis, highlighting the necessity of strengthening and adapting these services to improve health outcomes and ensure equitable access. Gaps remain in areas of telerehabilitation such as, mental health, cardiovascular diseases and ophthalmology, underscoring the need for broader implementation and integration across specialties.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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