The method of loci in the context of psychological research: A systematic review and meta‐analysis.

This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate (1) the effectiveness of the method of loci (MoL) in enhancing recall in adults, (2) its underlying cognitive mechanisms, and (3) its neurobiological correlates. Studies on adult populations were included from multiple databases. Risk of bia...

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Published in:British Journal of Psychology Vol. 116; no. 4; pp. 930 - 987
Main Author: Ondřej, Jan
Format: Article
Published: Wiley-Blackwell Nov2025
Subjects:
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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      dt: Nov2025
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      pub: Wiley-Blackwell
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        atl: The method of loci in the context of psychological research: A systematic review and meta‐analysis.
      aug:
        au: Ondřej, Jan
        affil: Department of Psychology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
      su:
        Psychiatry
        Age distribution
        Memory
        Brain physiology
        Cognitive testing
        Research funding
        Functional connectivity
        Meta-analysis
        Descriptive statistics
        Systematic reviews
        MEDLINE
        Neuropsychology
        Confidence intervals
        Neuroradiology
        Psychology information storage & retrieval systems
      sug:
        subj:
          Psychiatry
          Age distribution
          Memory
          Brain physiology
          Cognitive testing
          Research funding
          Functional connectivity
          Meta-analysis
          Descriptive statistics
          Systematic reviews
          MEDLINE
          Neuropsychology
          Confidence intervals
          Neuroradiology
          Psychology information storage & retrieval systems
      keyword:
        loci method
        memory palaces
        memory techniques
        meta‐analysis
        method of loci
        mnemonics
        systematic review
        loci method
        memory palaces
        memory techniques
        meta‐analysis
        method of loci
        mnemonics
        systematic review
      ab: This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate (1) the effectiveness of the method of loci (MoL) in enhancing recall in adults, (2) its underlying cognitive mechanisms, and (3) its neurobiological correlates. Studies on adult populations were included from multiple databases. Risk of bias was assessed, and the GRADE approach and RoBMAPSMA were used for qualitative and quantitative synthesis. The MoL showed strong evidence for a large effect on immediate serial recall compared with rehearsal (d = 0.88, 95% CI [0.47, 1.25], P(M|data) = 0.994, BF = 161.94) in adult populations. Its general effectiveness is supported by multiple cognitive mechanisms, all of which align with the levels of processing framework. Neuroimaging studies have shown consistent activation of brain regions primarily associated with spatial memory and navigation – namely, the hippocampus, parahippocampus, and retrosplenial cortex. MoL training also induces structural and functional brain changes. However, the evidence is rated as low to very low quality, mainly due to the high risk of bias and other limitations. The MoL is a powerful mnemonic for enhancing recall in adults, grounded in robust cognitive and neural mechanisms, though more rigorous studies are needed.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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