Fetal Weight Extrapolation following a Third-Trimester Ultrasound Examination Using the Gestation-Adjusted Projection Method: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objective: Using systematic review and meta-analysis methodology, we sought to evaluate the accuracy of the gestation-adjusted projection (GAP) method of fetal weight extrapolation in the prediction of actual birth weight. Study Design: A systematic literature search was performed using MEDLINE/PubM...

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Publicado en:American Journal of Perinatology Vol. 42; no. 15; pp. 1940 - 1947
Autores principales: Vaughn-Valencia, Micah M., Zhao, Yan D., Edwards, Rodney K., Clifton, Shari, Nadeau, Hugh C. G.
Formato: meta analysis research systematic review tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: Thieme Medical Publishing Inc. Nov2025
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: Nov2025
      vid: 42
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      pub: Thieme Medical Publishing Inc.
      place: New York, New York
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        10.1055/a-2628-2364
        188721766
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        atl: Fetal Weight Extrapolation following a Third-Trimester Ultrasound Examination Using the Gestation-Adjusted Projection Method: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
      aug:
        au:
          Vaughn-Valencia, Micah M.
          Zhao, Yan D.
          Edwards, Rodney K.
          Clifton, Shari
          Nadeau, Hugh C. G.
        affil: Section of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
      sug:
        subj:
          Fetal Weight Evaluation
          Ultrasonography, Prenatal
          Pregnancy Trimester, Third
          Gestational Age
          Predictive Value of Tests Evaluation
          Human
          Systematic Review
          Meta Analysis
          Pregnancy
          Female
          Medline
          PubMed
          Embase
          Scales
          Descriptive Statistics
          Confidence Intervals
          Female
      ab: Objective: Using systematic review and meta-analysis methodology, we sought to evaluate the accuracy of the gestation-adjusted projection (GAP) method of fetal weight extrapolation in the prediction of actual birth weight. Study Design: A systematic literature search was performed using MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies published from database inception to June 2023. Studies were compiled that assessed the accuracy of the GAP method in pregnant women at term (≥37 weeks gestation) with an ultrasound performed at 34 to 36 weeks gestation. Quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale, and risk of bias was assessed using the risk of bias in nonrandomized studies of interventions (ROBINS-I) tool. Meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the agreement between the GAP method and the actual birth weight using the mean percent error, mean absolute error, and mean absolute percent error. Means and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using I2 and tau 2 statistics. Results: The search identified 949 records. After a full-text review, a total of eight studies with 5,306 subjects were included. Studies were retrospective and prospective cohort studies. All studies were deemed high quality and determined to have a low risk of bias. Five studies were performed in the United States, one in Italy, one in Spain, and one in the United Kingdom. Four studies included patients with pregestational or gestational diabetes and obesity. Due to substantial heterogeneity, the random-effects model was used to estimate the effects of studies. The mean percent error was 3.1% (95% CI: 1.1–5.2), the mean absolute error was 240 g (95% CI: 205–275 g), and the mean absolute percent error was 8.0% (95% CI: 6.9–9.1). Conclusion: The GAP method of fetal weight extrapolation is an accurate approach to birth weight prediction and is suitable for use in a diverse population. The study protocol was submitted for online registration in the International Register of Prospective Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) before the literature review was undertaken (registration number: CRD42023392977). Key Points: Estimation of fetal weight is useful for delivery planning. The GAP method uses third-trimester ultrasound data. The GAP method is an accurate approach to birth weight prediction.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        meta analysis
        research
        systematic review
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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