Artificial intelligence-based approaches for advance care planning: a scoping review.

Background: Advance Care Planning (ACP) empowers individuals to make informed decisions about their future healthcare. However, barriers including time constraints and a lack of clarity on professional responsibilities for ACP hinder its implementation. The application of artificial intelligence (AI...

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Published in:BMC Palliative Care Vol. 24; no. 1; pp. 1 - 20
Main Authors: Arioz, Umut, Allsop, Matthew John, Goodman, William D., Timmons, Suzanne, Simbirtseva, Kseniya, Mlakar, Izidor, Mocnik, Grega
Format: pictorial research systematic review tables/charts Journal Article
Published: BioMed Central 10/23/2025
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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      dt: 10/23/2025
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      pub: BioMed Central
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        10.1186/s12904-025-01827-x
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        atl: Artificial intelligence-based approaches for advance care planning: a scoping review.
      aug:
        au:
          Arioz, Umut
          Allsop, Matthew John
          Goodman, William D.
          Timmons, Suzanne
          Simbirtseva, Kseniya
          Mlakar, Izidor
          Mocnik, Grega
        affil: https://ror.org/01d5jce07 Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
      sug:
        subj:
          Artificial Intelligence
          Advance Care Planning
          Palliative Care
          Human
          Scoping Review
          Program Evaluation
          External Validity
          Machine Learning
          Electronic Health Records
          Logistic Regression
          Digital Technology
          Funding Source
      ab: Background: Advance Care Planning (ACP) empowers individuals to make informed decisions about their future healthcare. However, barriers including time constraints and a lack of clarity on professional responsibilities for ACP hinder its implementation. The application of artificial intelligence (AI) could potentially optimise elements of ACP in practice by, for example, identifying patients for whom ACP may be relevant and aiding ACP-related decision-making. However, it is unclear how applications of AI for ACP are currently being used in the delivery of palliative care. Objectives: To explore the use of AI models for ACP, identifying key features that influence model performance, transparency of data used, source code availability, and generalizability. Methods: A scoping review was conducted using the Arksey and O'Malley framework and the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Electronic databases (Scopus and Web of Science (WoS)) and seven preprint servers were searched to identify published research articles and conference papers in English, German and French for the last 10Â years' records. Our search strategy was based on terms for ACP and artificial intelligence models (including machine learning). The GRADE approach was used to assess the quality of included studies. Results: Included studies (N = 41) predominantly used retrospective cohort designs and real-world electronic health record data. Most studies (n = 39) focused on identifying individuals who might benefit from ACP, while fewer studies addressed initiating ACP discussions (n = 10) or documenting and sharing ACP information (n = 8). Among AI and machine learning models, logistic regression was the most frequent analytical method (n = 15). Most models (n = 28) demonstrated good to very good performance. However, concerns remain regarding data and code availability, as many studies lacked transparency and reproducibility (n = 17 and n = 36, respectively). Conclusion: Most studies report models with promising results for predicting patient outcomes and supporting decision-making, but significant challenges remain, particularly regarding data and code availability. Future research should prioritize transparency and open-source code to facilitate rigorous evaluation. There is scope to explore novel AI-based approaches to ACP, including to support processes surrounding the review and updating of ACP information.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        pictorial
        research
        systematic review
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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