Effect of dual direct and alternating currents on pain induced by blood sampling and intramuscular injection processes.
Objective This study investigates the effects of cathodal, anodal, and intermittent electrical stimulation on pain intensity associated with arterial blood sampling, venous blood sampling, and intramuscular injection. Methods In a triple-blind clinical trial, 160 patients requiring arterial, venous...
| Published in: | Pain Management Vol. 15; no. 11; pp. 807 - 819 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors: | , , , |
| Format: | pictorial research tables/charts randomized controlled trial Journal Article |
| Published: |
Taylor & Francis Ltd
Nov2025
|
| Online Access: | View this record in EBSCOhost |