Connecting the last mile in Africa: A volumetric analysis of internet balloons and rural base stations.

In the competition to connect the next billion users, Africa's last mile is becoming a frontier for big tech companies to experiment with new infrastructure ideas. Based on interviews and archival research, this article examines two cases of connecting the last mile through high-latitude balloons in...

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Publicado en:Media, Culture & Society Vol. 47; no. 8; pp. 1653 - 1674
Autor principal: Lu, Miao
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: Sage Publications, Ltd. Nov2025
Materias:
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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        atl: Connecting the last mile in Africa: A volumetric analysis of internet balloons and rural base stations.
      aug:
        au: Lu, Miao
        affil: Lingnan University, Hong Kong
      su:
        Africa
        Alphabet Inc.
        Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd.
        Rural telecommunication
        Infrastructure (Economics)
        Internet
        Digital divide
        Geographic spatial analysis
        Sociotechnical systems
        Airships
      sug:
        subj:
          Rural telecommunication
          Infrastructure (Economics)
          Internet
          Africa
          Alphabet Inc.
          Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd.
          Aircraft Manufacturing
          Internet Publishing and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals
          Wired Telecommunications Carriers
          Digital divide
          Geographic spatial analysis
          Sociotechnical systems
          Airships
      keyword:
        base station
        infrastructure
        internet balloons
        last mile
        volumes
        base station
        infrastructure
        internet balloons
        last mile
        volumes
      ab: In the competition to connect the next billion users, Africa's last mile is becoming a frontier for big tech companies to experiment with new infrastructure ideas. Based on interviews and archival research, this article examines two cases of connecting the last mile through high-latitude balloons in the sky (Google Loon) and rural base stations on the ground (Huawei RuralStar). Following the "volumetric turn," this article approaches infrastructure as "volumetric practice" to elucidate the politics and promises of the last mile in Africa. Recognizing the agency of various "elements" in the volume – wind, rain, air, and sunlight, this article illustrates ballooning as a socio-technical assemblage of the sky and RuralStar as a flexible object that integrates multiple sources of volumetric knowledge. It argues that the contested nature of last-mile infrastructure is articulated through the navigation, calculation, and commodification of the volumes. While both Google and Huawei articulate techno-optimist views of bridging the digital divide, their unfolding through different technologies presents distinctive sociotechnical imaginaries and knowledge-making dynamics. This article sheds new light on the volumetric competition for the global internet and makes theoretical contributions by introducing a volumetric approach to studying media infrastructure.
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    language: English
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