A Study on Risk Factors Associated with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

Background/Objectives: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a global health issue with immediate and long-term maternal–fetal complications. Current diagnostic approaches, such as the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT), have limitations in accessibility, sensitivity, and timing. This study aimed t...

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Publicado en:Diabetology Vol. 6; no. 10; pp. 119 - 154
Autores principales: Lorenzo, Isabel Salas, Pineda-Pineda, Jair J., Parra Inza, Ernesto, Sigarreta Ricardo, Saylé, Torralbas Fitz, Sergio José
Formato: equations & formulas review tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: MDPI Oct2025
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: Oct2025
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      pub: MDPI
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        10.3390/diabetology6100119
        188993721
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        atl: A Study on Risk Factors Associated with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.
      aug:
        au:
          Lorenzo, Isabel Salas
          Pineda-Pineda, Jair J.
          Parra Inza, Ernesto
          Sigarreta Ricardo, Saylé
          Torralbas Fitz, Sergio José
        affil: Facultad de Matemáticas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero (UAGro), Acapulco C.P. 39650, Guerrero, Mexico
      sug:
        subj:
          Diabetes Mellitus, Gestational Risk Factors
          Diabetes Mellitus, Gestational Prevention and Control
          Risk Assessment
          Mathematics
          Social Network Analysis
          Strategic Planning
          Male
          Female
          Pregnancy
          China
          Pregnancy Outcomes
          Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension
          Abortion, Spontaneous
          Age Factors
          Family Health
          World Health
          Glucose Tolerance Test
          Systems Analysis
          Vitamin D
          Vitamin D Deficiency
          Sedentary Behavior
          Smoking
          Obesity
          Insulin Resistance
          Uric Acid Analysis
          Blood Glucose Analysis
          Preprocedural Fasting
          Maternal Health Services
          Male
          Female
      ab: Background/Objectives: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a global health issue with immediate and long-term maternal–fetal complications. Current diagnostic approaches, such as the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT), have limitations in accessibility, sensitivity, and timing. This study aimed to identify key nodes and structural interactions associated with GDM using graph theory and network analysis to improve early predictive strategies. Methods: A literature review inspired by PRISMA guidelines (2004–2025) identified 44 clinically relevant factors. A directed graph was constructed using Python (version 3.10.12), and centrality metrics (closeness, betweenness, eigenvector), k-core decomposition, and a Minimum Dominating Set (MDS) were computed. The MDS, derived using an integer linear programming model, was used to determine the smallest subset of nodes with systemic dominance across the network. Results: The MDS included 20 nodes, with seven showing a high out-degree (≥4), notably Apo A1, vitamin D, vitamin D deficiency, and sedentary lifestyle. Vitamin D exhibited 15 outgoing edges, connecting directly to protective factors like HDL and inversely to risk factors such as smoking and obesity. Sedentary behavior also showed high structural influence. Closeness centrality highlighted triglycerides, insulin resistance, uric acid, fasting plasma glucose, and HDL as nodes with strong predictive potential, based on their high closeness and multiple incoming connections. Conclusions: Vitamin D and sedentary behavior emerged as structurally dominant nodes in the GDM network. Alongside metabolically relevant nodes with high closeness centrality, these findings support the utility of graph-based network analysis for early detection and targeted clinical interventions in maternal health.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        equations & formulas
        review
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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