Environmental R&D Risk Choices and Environmental Policies in a Mixed Duopoly.

This paper investigates how environmental policies—emission tax and emission standard—affect the optimal environmental R&D (ER&D) risk choices of firms in a mixed market. The results show that for the private firm, ER&D risk is lower (higher) under the emission tax than under the emission standard w...

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Bibliographic Details

Published in:	American Journal of Economics & Sociology Vol. 84; no. 5; pp. 671 - 683
Main Authors:	Zhang, Weiwei, Li, Hui, Li, Dongdong
Format:	Article
Published:	Wiley-Blackwell Nov2025
Subjects:	Environmental policy Privatization Environmental responsibility Emission standards Duopolies Environmental risk assessment Environmental research Carbon pricing
Online Access:	View this record in EBSCOhost