Slowdown vs. breakdown of memory recall by retrieval stopping.
Think/No-Think studies have shown that people can prevent memories from coming up to their mind by explicitly attempting to not think of them. However, there is an important limitation in the measures typically used: binary recall vs. no-recall accuracy under a specific time deadline. In this study,...
| Published in: | Memory & Cognition Vol. 53; no. 7; pp. 2028 - 2041 |
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| Main Authors: | , , |
| Format: | Article |
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Springer Nature
Oct2025
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | View this record in EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ssf&AN=189137922&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: ssf uiTerm: 189137922 longDbName: Social Sciences Full Text (H.W. Wilson) uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: jinfo: jid: 0090502X MEG jtl: Memory & Cognition issn: 0090502X maglogo: N pubinfo: dt: Oct2025 vid: 53 iid: 7 pid: 237 pub: Springer Nature artinfo: ui: 189137922 10.3758/s13421-025-01696-y ppf: 2028 ppct: 13 formats: fmt: – @attributes: type: T – @attributes: type: P size: 2MB tig: atl: Slowdown vs. breakdown of memory recall by retrieval stopping. aug: au: Nishiyama, Satoru O'Reilly, Randall C. Saito, Satoru affil: https://ror.org/02kpeqv85 Graduate School of Education, Kyoto University, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Yoshidahonmachi, Japan https://ror.org/00hhkn466 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-Ku, 102-0083, Tokyo, Japan https://ror.org/05rrcem69 Department of Psychology, University of California, 135 Young Hall, One Shields Avenue, 95616, Davis, CA, USA https://ror.org/05rrcem69 Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Grey Hall, 1544 Newton Court, 95618, Davis, CA, USA https://ror.org/05rrcem69 Department of Computer Science, University of California, One Shields Avenue, 95616, Davis, CA, USA su: Japan Self-evaluation Executive function Universities & colleges Psychological adaptation Memory Analysis of variance Psychology of college students Student attitudes Repeated measures design T-test (Statistics) Cognitive testing Research funding Questionnaires Descriptive statistics Experimental design Intention Comparative studies Data analysis software Thought & thinking sug: subj: Self-evaluation Executive function Universities & colleges Psychological adaptation Memory Analysis of variance Psychology of college students Student attitudes Japan Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools Repeated measures design T-test (Statistics) Cognitive testing Research funding Questionnaires Descriptive statistics Experimental design Intention Comparative studies Data analysis software Thought & thinking keyword: Inhibition Interference Recall latency Retrieval stopping Think/No-Think Inhibition Interference Recall latency Retrieval stopping Think/No-Think ab: Think/No-Think studies have shown that people can prevent memories from coming up to their mind by explicitly attempting to not think of them. However, there is an important limitation in the measures typically used: binary recall vs. no-recall accuracy under a specific time deadline. In this study, we instead focused on recall latency with a longer response window to accommodate a wider range of recall latencies. We found in Experiment 1 that direct suppression in the standard No-Think condition had a relatively uniform, graded effect, slowing the recall process in such a way that more recall failures occur with a short deadline, but a longer deadline (10 s) allows for successful recall at rates comparable to a baseline condition. In Experiment 2, thought substitution also caused the slowdown of the recall despite still lower recall rate than a baseline in 10 s. These results suggest that memory recall is subject to graded impairment across all items in a consistent manner instead of the breakdown of recall among a subset of memories. For understanding forgetting by retrieval stopping, excessive use of recall rate should be avoided, and recall latency is a potential alternative. pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: Article src: R language: English refInfo: copyright: @attributes: flag: N holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
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