Autism Spectrum Disorder Phenotypes Based on Sleep Dimensions and Core Autism Symptoms.

Previous studies have used cluster analysis to address the diagnostic heterogeneity of autism spectrum disorder, but have been limited by identifying subgroups solely on the basis of core autism symptoms. The present study aimed to identify sleep phenotypes and their clustering with core autism symp...

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Publicado en:Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders Vol. 55; no. 12; pp. 4412 - 4425
Autores principales: Lenker, Kristina P., Li, Yanling, Fernandez-Mendoza, Julio, Mayes, Susan D., Calhoun, Susan L.
Formato: research tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: Springer Nature Dec2025
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: Dec2025
      vid: 55
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      pub: Springer Nature
      place: New York, New York
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        10.1007/s10803-025-06822-y
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        atl: Autism Spectrum Disorder Phenotypes Based on Sleep Dimensions and Core Autism Symptoms.
      aug:
        au:
          Lenker, Kristina P.
          Li, Yanling
          Fernandez-Mendoza, Julio
          Mayes, Susan D.
          Calhoun, Susan L.
        affil: https://ror.org/01h22ap11 Sleep Research & Treatment Center, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, USA
      sug:
        subj:
          Autism Spectrum Disorder Symptoms
          Phenotype
          Sleep
          Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosis
          Sleep Disorders
          Human
          Infant
          Cluster Analysis
          Child, Preschool
          Child
          Adolescence
          Factor Analysis
          Scales
          Structural Equation Modeling
          Intelligence
          Disorders of Excessive Somnolence
          Interpersonal Relations
          Outpatients
          Pennsylvania
          Retrospective Design
          Multiple Logistic Regression
          Odds Ratio
          Confidence Intervals
          Univariate Statistics
          Funding Source
          Infant: 1-23 months
          Child, Preschool: 2-5 years
          Child: 6-12 years
          Adolescent: 13-18 years
      ab: Previous studies have used cluster analysis to address the diagnostic heterogeneity of autism spectrum disorder, but have been limited by identifying subgroups solely on the basis of core autism symptoms. The present study aimed to identify sleep phenotypes and their clustering with core autism symptoms in youth diagnosed with autism. 1397 patients (1–17y, M = 6.1 ± 3.3y; M IQ = 88.5 ± 27.2; 81.2% male, 89.0% white) with autism. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on 10 sleep items from the Pediatric Behavior Scale. Latent class analyses (LCA) determined phenotypes characterized by core autism symptoms and sleep clusters, accounting for age, sex, Intelligence Quotient (IQ), and medication use.PCA identified three distinct sleep clusters (disturbed sleep, insufficient sleep and hypersomnolence) explaining 48.4% of the variance. LCA revealed four phenotypes based on core ASD symptoms and sleep clusters. Compared to Class 1 (54.8%) as the reference group, Class 2 (26.3%) had a similar degree of sleep problems, higher IQ and milder autism symptoms, less problems with selective attention/fearlessness; Class 3 (14.5%) was characterized by insufficient and disturbed sleep, perseveration and somatosensory disturbance, and higher medication use, while Class 4 (4.4%) was by hypersomnolence, problems with social interactions, and higher medication use.We found four distinct clustering of core autism symptoms and sleep problems differing in their sleep profiles as well as in relation to clinical characteristics, demographics, internalizing/externalizing symptoms, and functional outcomes. Our findings underscore the heterogeneity of autism based on sleep-wake problems, advocating for personalized therapeutic interventions targeting nighttime sleep and daytime alertness.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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