Managing Risk, Reinforcing Environmental Racism: The Biopolitics of Pesticide Regulation in California Agriculture.

This paper provides a retrospective on California's oversight of 1,3‐dichloropropene (1,3‐D). It utilizes archival documents, including internal memos, emails, and risk assessments, to demonstrate how the state's Department of Pesticide Regulation consistently expanded allowable 1,3‐D use while pres...

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Published in:Review of Policy Research Vol. 42; no. 6; pp. 1509 - 1525
Main Author: Noli, Kaitlyn Alvarez
Format: Article
Published: Wiley-Blackwell Nov2025
Subjects:
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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        atl: Managing Risk, Reinforcing Environmental Racism: The Biopolitics of Pesticide Regulation in California Agriculture.
      aug:
        au: Noli, Kaitlyn Alvarez
        affil: School of Public Policy and Urban Affairs, Northeastern University, Boston Massachusetts, , USA
      su:
        California
        California Environmental Protection Agency. Dept. of Pesticide Regulation
        Environmental racism
        Health policy
        Disclosure
        Poor communities
        Organizational governance
        Agricultural industries
        Dichloropropane
        Pesticide use regulations
      sug:
        subj:
          Environmental racism
          Health policy
          Disclosure
          Poor communities
          California
          California Environmental Protection Agency. Dept. of Pesticide Regulation
          Administration of Public Health Programs
          Pesticide and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing
          Farm Supplies Merchant Wholesalers
          Agricultural chemical and other farm supplies merchant wholesalers
          Organizational governance
          Agricultural industries
          Dichloropropane
          Pesticide use regulations
      keyword:
        1,3‐dichloropropene
        biopolitical mechanisms
        environmental injustice
        farmworker health
        neoliberal governance
        pesticide risk assessment
        1,3‐dicloropropeno
        Evaluación de riesgos de los pesticidas
        Injusticia ambiental
        Mecanismos biopolíticos
        Salud de los trabajadores agrícolas
        农场工人健康
        农药风险评估
        环境不正义
        生命政治机制
        1,3‐二氯丙烯
        1,3‐dichloropropene
        biopolitical mechanisms
        environmental injustice
        farmworker health
        neoliberal governance
        pesticide risk assessment
        1,3‐dicloropropeno
        Evaluación de riesgos de los pesticidas
        Injusticia ambiental
        Mecanismos biopolíticos
        Salud de los trabajadores agrícolas
        农场工人健康
        农药风险评估
        环境不正义
        生命政治机制
        1,3‐二氯丙烯
      ab: This paper provides a retrospective on California's oversight of 1,3‐dichloropropene (1,3‐D). It utilizes archival documents, including internal memos, emails, and risk assessments, to demonstrate how the state's Department of Pesticide Regulation consistently expanded allowable 1,3‐D use while presenting each policy change as scientifically justified. The findings indicate that regulators depended on industry modeling, adopted exposure assumptions that minimized short‐term spikes and refused to implement stricter standards recommended by public health agencies. These adjustments, which were often portrayed as protective reforms, ultimately preserved longstanding racial and economic disparities. The article illustrates, with historical depth, how risk governance can evolve over time through waivers, revised thresholds, and technical justifications—steps that maintain pesticide‐intensive production despite ongoing harms. In policy terms, this study emphasizes the necessity for regulatory processes that demand stronger cumulative exposure analyses and guarantee transparent public oversight. By tracing how governance tools transformed to address increasing scrutiny while preserving industry access to hazardous pesticides, the paper illustrates how pesticide regulation can become a means of environmental racism. This situation calls for robust protections and the inclusion of marginalized communities in decision making.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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