The economics of L2 English. Evidence from 2.0 mln subjects suggests an economics of language framework to account for country differences in L2 English proficiency.

We analysed Education First's Standard English Test scores coming from 2 mln learners of English in 109 countries world-wide. Proficiency in English as a global lingual franca is an important skill in various areas of international communication. A larger linguistic distance between English as a sec...

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Publicado en:Journal of Multilingual & Multicultural Development Vol. 46; no. 10; pp. 3918 - 3937
Autores principales: van Hout, Roeland, van der Slik, Frans
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: Taylor & Francis Ltd Dec2025
Materias:
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: Dec2025
      vid: 46
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      pub: Taylor & Francis Ltd
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        10.1080/01434632.2024.2370390
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        atl: The economics of L2 English. Evidence from 2.0 mln subjects suggests an economics of language framework to account for country differences in L2 English proficiency.
      aug:
        au:
          van Hout, Roeland
          van der Slik, Frans
        affil:
          Centre for Language Studies, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
          Research Focus Area: Understanding and Processing Language in Complex Settings, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
      su:
        English as a foreign language
        Language ability
        Test scoring
        Lexicon
        Phonology
      sug:
        subj:
          English as a foreign language
          Language ability
          Test scoring
          Lexicon
          Phonology
      keyword:
        English
        global
        human capital index
        linguistic distance
        Second language acquisition
      ab: We analysed Education First's Standard English Test scores coming from 2 mln learners of English in 109 countries world-wide. Proficiency in English as a global lingual franca is an important skill in various areas of international communication. A larger linguistic distance between English as a second language and a learner's first language has been put forward as increasing the efforts or costs of learning English. Instead of the subjective measures used in the past, we constructed a quantitative linguistic distance measure based on comparing words (lexicon), constructions (morpho-syntax), and sounds (phonology) between English and 59 mother tongues. Mixed regression analyses were carried out on the countries' proficiency scores with a country's human capital index, the official status of English in a country, and linguistic distance as predictors. All three predictors turn out to be robust proficiency determinants. Language skills constitute an essential component of human resources in today's emerging and growing knowledge economy. These skills cannot be taken for granted and additional language training is required when linguistic distances are large.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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          year: 2025
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