Safety and compliance among newly qualified paramedics in a pre-hospital clinical trial of an investigational medicinal product: a post-hoc analysis of the PACKMaN randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Pre-hospital research has unique challenges. Ambulance clinicians are required to enrol patients in research trials during emergency situations, often remote from the research team at time of recruitment. As newly qualified paramedics (NQPs) represent a significant and growing proporti...

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Published in:British Paramedic Journal Vol. 10; no. 3; pp. 10 - 18
Main Authors: Rosser, Andy, Gunson, Imogen, Green, Zoe, Lall, Ranjit, Michelet, Felix, Miller, Elisha, Miller, Joshua, Noordali, Hannah, Perkins, Gavin, Stanley, Owen, Smyth, Michael
Format: research tables/charts Journal Article
Published: College of Paramedics Dec2025
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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      dt: Dec2025
      vid: 10
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      pub: College of Paramedics
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        10.29045/14784726.2025.12.10.3.10
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        atl: Safety and compliance among newly qualified paramedics in a pre-hospital clinical trial of an investigational medicinal product: a post-hoc analysis of the PACKMaN randomised controlled trial.
      aug:
        au:
          Rosser, Andy
          Gunson, Imogen
          Green, Zoe
          Lall, Ranjit
          Michelet, Felix
          Miller, Elisha
          Miller, Joshua
          Noordali, Hannah
          Perkins, Gavin
          Stanley, Owen
          Smyth, Michael
        affil: West Midlands Ambulance Service University NHS Foundation Trust
      sug:
        subj:
          Paramedics
          Occupational Safety Evaluation
          Professional Compliance Evaluation
          Clinical Trials
          Research Subject Recruitment
          Drugs, Investigational Therapeutic Use
          Ketamine Therapeutic Use
          Morphine Therapeutic Use
          Prehospital Care
          Analgesics Therapeutic Use
          Adverse Drug Event Epidemiology
          Protocols
          Human
          Male
          Female
          Adult
          Middle Age
          Post Hoc Analysis
          Confidence Intervals
          Odds Ratio
          Retrospective Design
          Fisher's Exact Test
          Chi Square Test
          Logistic Regression
          Descriptive Statistics
          England
          Funding Source
          Analgesia
          Adult: 19-44 years
          Middle Aged: 45-64 years
          Male
          Female
      ab: Introduction: Pre-hospital research has unique challenges. Ambulance clinicians are required to enrol patients in research trials during emergency situations, often remote from the research team at time of recruitment. As newly qualified paramedics (NQPs) represent a significant and growing proportion of ambulance clinicians, it is important to establish whether they can safely and effectively recruit patients to clinical trials. This article reports a post-hoc analysis of the PACKMaN trial, a large, double-blind randomised controlled trial of an investigational medicinal product of ketamine versus morphine in the pre-hospital setting. Methods: Adverse events (AEs) and serious adverse events (SAEs) experienced by patients recruited to the PACKMaN trial, as well as protocol non-compliances (NCs) experienced by paramedics during the trial, were retrospectively analysed. We compared recruitment, incidence and type of AE, as well as incidence of SAEs and NCs dichotomised by paramedic experience. Results: Of the 458 patients, 259 (56.6%) and 199 (43.4%) were recruited by experienced paramedics and NQPs, respectively. Incidence of AEs was similar regardless of experience: experienced paramedics reported 128/259 (49.8%) and NQPs reported 91/199 (45.7%) (OR 0.86 95% CI [0.60-1.25]). Incidence of SAEs were slightly increased in the NQP group (8/199 (4.0%)), compared to experienced paramedics (4/259 (1.5%)); however, this was not statistically significant (OR 2.67, 95% CI [0.66-9.00]). NC was similar in both groups: experienced paramedics 3/259 (1.2%) and NQPs 6/199 (3.0%) (OR 2.65 95% CI [0.66-10.74]). Conclusion: In a double-blind controlled trial of an investigational medicinal product, there was no statistical difference in the incidence of AEs or NCs between NQPs and experienced paramedics. NQPs made an important contribution to patient recruitment in this study, improving the generalisability. SAEs and NCs were rare, and patients received analgesics safely. There was no correlation between experience and AE likelihood, and no safety concerns identified arising from NQP participation. Our findings demonstrate that NQPs can safely recruit patients to clinical trials.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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