Associations of maternal behaviours and environmental exposures with melamine and bisphenol analogs in breast milk: a cross-sectional study.
This study investigated the relationship between maternal behaviours, environmental exposures, and the levels of melamine and bisphenols (BPs), including bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol A-F (BPAF), and bisphenol S (BPS), in breast milk. Mothers provided information on cosmetic use, food packaging, and...
| Published in: | International Journal of Environmental Health Research Vol. 35; no. 12; pp. 3923 - 3937 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
| Format: | research tables/charts Journal Article |
| Published: |
Taylor & Francis Ltd
Dec2025
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| Online Access: | View this record in EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=189731005&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: ccm uiTerm: 189731005 longDbName: CINAHL Complete uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: dissinfo: jinfo: jid: 09603123 57L jtl: International Journal of Environmental Health Research issn: 09603123 maglogo: Y pubinfo: dt: Dec2025 vid: 35 iid: 12 pid: 377 pub: Taylor & Francis Ltd place: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania artinfo: ui: 189731005 185253774 189731005 189731005 10.1080/09603123.2025.2503475 189731005 ppf: 3923 ppct: 14 formats: fmt: – @attributes: type: T – @attributes: type: P tig: atl: Associations of maternal behaviours and environmental exposures with melamine and bisphenol analogs in breast milk: a cross-sectional study. aug: au: Cinkilli Aktağ, Esra Yalçin, Sıddika Songül Balci Özyurt, Aylin Erdemli Köse, Selinay Başak Yalçin, Suzan Çakir, Deniz Arca Erkekoğlu, Pınar affil: Division of Pediatrics, Lösante Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye sug: subj: Milk, Human Analysis Maternal Behavior Environmental Exposure Diphosphonates Analysis Heterocyclic Compounds Analysis Human Turkiye Adult Cross Sectional Studies Descriptive Research Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid Mothers Psychosocial Factors Questionnaires Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Food Packaging Food Habits Cosmetics Utilization Effect Size Correlation Coefficient Statistical Significance Data Analysis Software Descriptive Statistics Adult: 19-44 years ab: This study investigated the relationship between maternal behaviours, environmental exposures, and the levels of melamine and bisphenols (BPs), including bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol A-F (BPAF), and bisphenol S (BPS), in breast milk. Mothers provided information on cosmetic use, food packaging, and dietary habits, while breast milk samples were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. BPAF, BPS, and BPF were detected in 32.3%, 33.8%, and 20% of samples, respectively, while melamine was present in all samples (mean: 32.3 ± 16.7 ng/mL). Seven samples (10.8%) contained all three BPs, while 49.2% had none. Higher BPAF and BPF levels were observed in breast milk from mothers aged 30–34. Makeup use was associated with elevated BPAF levels (p = 0.013), while sunscreen use was correlated with increased BPF (p = 0.040) and melamine (p = 0.010) levels. Storing oil in plastic containers was linked to higher BPS levels. These findings suggest that maternal exposure to personal care products and food packaging materials significantly influences BPs and melamine levels in breast milk. The results highlight the importance of considering both behavioural and environmental factors when assessing chemical exposure during breastfeeding. Further research is needed to understand the long-term effects of these exposures on infant health. pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: research tables/charts Journal Article ougenre: Article language: English refInfo: holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
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