Machine learning approaches to racial/ethnic differences in social determinants of mild cognitive impairment and its progression to dementia in the All of Us Research Program.

Objective This study examines how social determinants of health (SDOH) influence mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and its progression to dementia across racial/ethnic groups, identifying disparities and key predictors using machine learning approaches. Methods We analyzed data from 83,180 participant...

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Publicado en:Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences & Social Sciences Vol. 80; no. 12; pp. 1 - 13
Autores principales: Dong, Qianyu, Wu, Wenbo, Jiang, Yanping, Sui, Junyu, Tan, Chenxin, Qi, Xiang
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: Oxford University Press / USA Dec2025
Materias:
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: Dec2025
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        atl: Machine learning approaches to racial/ethnic differences in social determinants of mild cognitive impairment and its progression to dementia in the All of Us Research Program.
      aug:
        au:
          Dong, Qianyu
          Wu, Wenbo
          Jiang, Yanping
          Sui, Junyu
          Tan, Chenxin
          Qi, Xiang
        affil:
          Department of Statistics, University of California, Santa Cruz, Baskin School of Engineering, Santa Cruz, California, United States
          Departments of Population Health and Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States
          Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States
          Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, United StatesRory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, New York, United States
          Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, New York, United States
      su:
        United States
        Ethnic groups
        Social determinants of health
        African Americans
        Hispanic Americans
        Artificial intelligence
        White people
        Sex discrimination
        Race
        Psychological stress
        Spirituality
        Health equity
        Social support
        Discrimination (Sociology)
        Psychosocial factors
        Active aging
        Disease risk factors
        Dementia risk factors
        Risk assessment
        Random forest algorithms
        Mild cognitive impairment
        Research funding
        Prediction models
        Receiver operating characteristic curves
        T-test (Statistics)
        Questionnaires
        Logistic regression analysis
        Descriptive statistics
        Multivariate analysis
        Chi-squared test
        Machine learning
        Comparative studies
        Data analysis software
        Disease progression
        Nosology
        Nonparametric statistics
      sug:
        subj:
          Ethnic groups
          Social determinants of health
          African Americans
          Hispanic Americans
          Artificial intelligence
          White people
          Sex discrimination
          Race
          Psychological stress
          Spirituality
          Health equity
          Social support
          Discrimination (Sociology)
          Psychosocial factors
          Active aging
          Disease risk factors
          United States
          Other Individual and Family Services
          Dementia risk factors
          Risk assessment
          Random forest algorithms
          Mild cognitive impairment
          Research funding
          Prediction models
          Receiver operating characteristic curves
          T-test (Statistics)
          Questionnaires
          Logistic regression analysis
          Descriptive statistics
          Multivariate analysis
          Chi-squared test
          Machine learning
          Comparative studies
          Data analysis software
          Disease progression
          Nosology
          Nonparametric statistics
      keyword:
        Alzheimer's disease
        Artificial Intelligence
        Cognition
        Health disparities
        Healthy aging
        Alzheimer's disease
        Artificial Intelligence
        Cognition
        Health disparities
        Healthy aging
      ab: Objective This study examines how social determinants of health (SDOH) influence mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and its progression to dementia across racial/ethnic groups, identifying disparities and key predictors using machine learning approaches. Methods We analyzed data from 83,180 participants aged 50+ in the All of Us Research Program (65,582 White, 6,207 Black, 4,170 Hispanic, 7,221 Other). The sample had mean ages ranging from 62.4 (Hispanic) to 68.1 (White) years, with significant gender disparities (70.9% Black females vs. 46.0% Other females). We developed machine learning classification models to predict MCI and its progression to dementia across the four racial/ethnic groups using 18 SDOH, along with key sociodemographic variables. We then applied SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) to quantify each factor's contribution and interpret its risk and protective effects on individual predictions. Results MCI prevalence was comparable across groups (7.5%–8.0%), but progression to dementia varied (9.4% Black vs. 11.4% Other). Perceived stress was the strongest predictor of MCI across all groups, with SHAP values of 15.1% (White), 13.5% (Black), 17.4% (Other), and 19.3% (Hispanic). Predictors of progression to dementia varied by groups: perceived stress (7.0%) for Whites, instrumental social support (14.2%) for Hispanics, daily spiritual experience (34.0%) for Blacks, and everyday discrimination (11.2%) for other groups. Discussion The findings underscore the need for group-specific interventions addressing stress mitigation for MCI prevention and culturally-tailored support systems to delay dementia progression. This machine learning approach reveals complex SDOH interactions that traditional methods might overlook, particularly for racial/ethnic underrepresented populations.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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