Effects of White Noise and Swaddling on Pain and Physiological Parameters During Eye Examination in Healthy Term Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: Eye examinations in infants for vision screening can cause pain and stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of white noise and swaddling on pain, heart rate, and oxygen saturation in healthy term infants undergoing post-discharge eye examinations. Methods: The study was c...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Publicado en:Forbes Journal of Medicine Vol. 6; no. 3; pp. 249 - 259
Autores principales: BAŞARA, Sultan GÜNER, ÇALIŞIR, Hüsniye, ARSU, Emel BAHADIR, ÖZDEMİR, Özdemir
Formato: research tables/charts randomized controlled trial Journal Article
Publicado: Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI 2025
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
fields @attributes:
  recordID: 1
pdfLink:
plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=189909520&site=ehost-live
header:
  @attributes:
    shortDbName: ccm
    uiTerm: 189909520
    longDbName: CINAHL Complete
    uiTag: AN
  controlInfo:
    bkinfo:
    dissinfo:
    jinfo:
      jid:
        27179443
        MPM9
      jtl: Forbes Journal of Medicine
      issn: 27179443
      maglogo: N
    pubinfo:
      dt: 2025
      vid: 6
      iid: 3
      pid: 28155
      pub: Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI
    artinfo:
      ui:
        189909520
        189909520
        189909520
        10.4274/forbes.gaLenos.2025.12499
        189909520
      ppf: 249
      ppct: 10
      formats:
        fmt:
          – @attributes:
              type: T
          – @attributes:
              type: P
      tig:
        atl: Effects of White Noise and Swaddling on Pain and Physiological Parameters During Eye Examination in Healthy Term Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
      aug:
        au:
          BAŞARA, Sultan GÜNER
          ÇALIŞIR, Hüsniye
          ARSU, Emel BAHADIR
          ÖZDEMİR, Özdemir
        affil: Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University Erbaa Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Child Health and Disease Nursing, Tokat, Türkiye
      sug:
        subj:
          Noise
          Treatment Related Pain Prevention and Control
          Infant Care
          Diagnosis, Eye
          Pain Management Methods
          Vision Tests In Infancy and Childhood
          Heart Rate
          Oxygen Saturation
          Sensory Stimulation Methods
          Bedding and Linens
          Human
          Male
          Female
          Infant, Newborn
          Prospective Studies
          Randomized Controlled Trials
          Random Assignment
          Experimental Studies
          Descriptive Statistics
          Data Analysis Software
          Pearson's Correlation Coefficient
          Chi Square Test
          One-Way Analysis of Variance
          Repeated Measures
          Kruskal-Wallis Test
          Friedman Test
          Confidence Intervals
          Reflex, Pupillary
          Phenylephrine Administration and Dosage
          Pyridines
          Pulse Oximetry
          Scales
          Audiorecording
          Stress, Physiological
          Infant, Newborn: birth-1 month
          Male
          Female
      ab:
        Objective: Eye examinations in infants for vision screening can cause pain and stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of white noise and swaddling on pain, heart rate, and oxygen saturation in healthy term infants undergoing post-discharge eye examinations. Methods: The study was conducted from September 1, 2022, to March 1, 2023, in the neonatal eye outpatient clinic of a maternity hospital. This randomized controlled trial included 120 term infants randomized to four groups: white noise (n=30), swaddling (n=30), white noise plus swaddling (n=30), and control (n=30). Pain was assessed using the premature infant pain profile scale, and heart rate and peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2) were measured by pulse oximetry before, 30 seconds after, and at the end of the examination. Results: The groups showed comparable pain scores, heart rates, and SpO2 levels, with no significant differences observed (p>0.05). However, all groups showed significant increases in pain scores and heart rates, and a decrease in SpO2 during the examination compared with baseline (p<0.001). Conclusion: White noise, swaddling, and their combination did not reduce pain or improve physiological parameters during eye examinations in term infants.
        Amaç: Yenidoğanlarda görme taraması için yapılan göz muayeneleri ağrı ve stres oluşturabilir. Bu çalışmada, taburculuk sonrası göz muayenesi yapılan sağlıklı term yenidoğanlarda beyaz gürültü ve kundaklamanın ağrı, kalp hızı ve oksijen satürasyonu üzerine etkisi değerlendirildi. Yöntem: Çalışma, 1 Eylül 2022-1 Mart 2023 tarihleri arasında bir doğum hastanesinin yenidoğan göz polikliniğinde yürütüldü. Randomize kontrollü bu çalışmaya 120 term yenidoğan dahil edildi ve dört gruba ayrıldı: beyaz gürültü (n=30), kundaklama (n=30), beyaz gürültü + kundaklama (n=30) ve kontrol (n=30). Ağrı, kalp hızı ve periferik kapiller oksijen satürasyonu (SpO2), prematüre bebek ağrı profili ölçeği ve pulse oksimetre kullanılarak muayene öncesi, muayeneden 30 saniye sonra ve muayene sonunda ölçüldü. Bulgular: Gruplar arasında ağrı skorları, kalp hızı ve SpO2 seviyeleri açısından anlamlı bir fark gözlenmedi (p>0,05). Ancak, tüm gruplarda muayene sırasında bazal değerlere kıyasla ağrı skorları ve kalp hızında anlamlı artış, SpO2'de ise anlamlı düşüş görüldü (p<0,001). Sonuç: Beyaz gürültü, kundaklama ve bunların kombinasyonu, term yenidoğanlarda göz muayenesi sırasında ağrıyı azaltmadı ve fizyolojik parametreleri iyileştirmedi.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        tables/charts
        randomized controlled trial
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
    refInfo:
    holdings:
      @attributes:
        islocal: N