Dissociating voluntary mental imagery and mental simulation: Evidence from aphantasia.

Intentional visual imagery is a component of numerous aspects of cognition. Related to visual imagery, mental simulation plays a role in language comprehension: modality-specific regions of the brain are activated as an implicit part of people understanding language. The degree of overlap between th...

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Published in:Memory & Cognition Vol. 53; no. 8; pp. 2674 - 2686
Main Authors: Speed, Laura J., Geraerds, Emma M. E., McRae, Ken
Format: Article
Published: Springer Nature Nov2025
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Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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        atl: Dissociating voluntary mental imagery and mental simulation: Evidence from aphantasia.
      aug:
        au:
          Speed, Laura J.
          Geraerds, Emma M. E.
          McRae, Ken
        affil:
          https://ror.org/00gxyk415 Centre for Language Studies, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
          https://ror.org/053sba816 Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
          https://ror.org/02grkyz14 Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
      su:
        Netherlands
        Task performance
        Psycholinguistics
        Linguistics
        Case-control method
        Imagination
        Semantics
        Cognition
        Phonological awareness
        Questionnaires
        Deep brain stimulation
        Descriptive statistics
        Chi-squared test
        Visualization
        Thematic analysis
        Experimental design
        Visual perception
        Reaction time
        Data analysis software
        Speech perception
      sug:
        subj:
          Task performance
          Psycholinguistics
          Linguistics
          Case-control method
          Imagination
          Semantics
          Cognition
          Netherlands
          Phonological awareness
          Questionnaires
          Deep brain stimulation
          Descriptive statistics
          Chi-squared test
          Visualization
          Thematic analysis
          Experimental design
          Visual perception
          Reaction time
          Data analysis software
          Speech perception
      keyword:
        Aphantasia
        Embodiment
        Mental imagery
        Mental simulation
        Psychology and Cognitive Sciences Psychology Cognitive Sciences
        Aphantasia
        Embodiment
        Mental imagery
        Mental simulation
        Psychology and Cognitive Sciences Psychology Cognitive Sciences
      ab: Intentional visual imagery is a component of numerous aspects of cognition. Related to visual imagery, mental simulation plays a role in language comprehension: modality-specific regions of the brain are activated as an implicit part of people understanding language. The degree of overlap between the processes underlying conscious, voluntary visual imagery versus less conscious, more automatic mental simulation is unclear. We investigated this issue by having aphantasics (people who are unable to experience conscious voluntary visual imagery) and control participants perform a property verification task in which they were asked whether a property is a physical part of an object (e.g., is mane a physical part of a lion?). We manipulated the false trials so that the two words either were associated (semantically related) but did not form an object–part combination (monkey–banana), or were not associated (apple–cloud). Solomon and Barsalou (Memory & Cognition, 32, 244–259, 2004) demonstrated that word association influenced responses when the words in the false trials were not associated, whereas when they were associated, perceptual measures most strongly influenced the results, indicating mental simulation. In the present study, control participants and aphantasics demonstrated similar evidence of the use of both mental simulation and word association when verifying whether the words formed an object–part combination. These results suggest that visual imagery and mental simulation are at least somewhat separable cognitive processes.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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