Trial-by-trial modulations in a spatial Stroop task: A distribution analysis on social and non-social targets.

In a spatial Stroop task, responses to gaze stimuli are faster when the direction and location are incongruent (reversed congruency effect), whereas responses to arrow stimuli are faster when congruent (standard congruency effect). To explain the reversal of gaze, Tanaka et al. proposed a dual-stage...

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Publicado en:Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Vol. 79; no. 1; pp. 155 - 173
Autores principales: Tanaka, Yoshihiko, Oyama, Takato, Ishikawa, Kenta, Okubo, Matia
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: Sage Publications Inc. Jan2026
Materias:
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: Jan2026
      vid: 79
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      pub: Sage Publications Inc.
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        190495973
        10.1177/17470218251332591
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        atl: Trial-by-trial modulations in a spatial Stroop task: A distribution analysis on social and non-social targets.
      aug:
        au:
          Tanaka, Yoshihiko
          Oyama, Takato
          Ishikawa, Kenta
          Okubo, Matia
        affil:
          Graduate School of Humanities, Senshu University, Japan
          Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan
          Faculty of Human Informatics, Aichi Shukutoku University, Japan
          Department of Psychology, Teikyo University, Japan
          Department of Psychology, Senshu University, Japan
          School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
      su:
        Gaze
        Response inhibition
        Visual perception
        Data analysis
        Neural inhibition
      sug:
        subj:
          Gaze
          Response inhibition
          Visual perception
          Data analysis
          Neural inhibition
      keyword:
        arrow
        congruency sequence effect
        delta plots
        spatial Stroop task
        arrow
        congruency sequence effect
        delta plots
        spatial Stroop task
      ab: In a spatial Stroop task, responses to gaze stimuli are faster when the direction and location are incongruent (reversed congruency effect), whereas responses to arrow stimuli are faster when congruent (standard congruency effect). To explain the reversal of gaze, Tanaka et al. proposed a dual-stage hypothesis comprising target–background segregation and selective inhibition. This hypothesis predicts that the enhancement of selective inhibition reduces and increases the standard and reversed congruency effects, respectively. As selective inhibition varies on a trial-by-trial basis, we tested the dual-stage hypothesis by examining congruency sequence effects (CSE) in the spatial Stroop task. We analysed the data collected from 409 participants previously tested in our laboratory. The results showed a decrease in the standard congruency effect (standard CSE) and an increase in the reversed congruency effect (reversed CSE) after incongruent trials (N − 1 incongruent) relative to congruent trials (N − 1 congruent). Reaction time distribution analysis revealed that these CSEs emerged from faster responses, suggesting that conflict monitoring in preceding trials enhanced inhibition efficiency in the current trials. These results highlighted the role of selective inhibition in the dual-stage hypothesis. Selective inhibition dynamically changes its size and onset depending on the preceding trial type and contributes to these sequential effects.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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