Fatty Acid Optimization of Locally Produced Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Foods for the Treatment of Acute Malnutrition in Children Using Linear Programming: An Application to India and Pakistan.

Background/Objectives: Ready-to-use therapeutic foods (RUTFs) are a common treatment for children under five years diagnosed with acute malnutrition. However, traditional RUTFs are often not locally produced, and the costs of the RUTF can be a barrier to access in India and Pakistan. Our goal was to...

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Published in:Nutrients Vol. 17; no. 23; pp. 3653 - 3665
Main Authors: Ismail, Samir, Umesh, Amith, Khan, Mohid, Moutwakil, Ahmed, Nguyen, Tu, Dantuluri, Meghana, Annadanam, Akhila, Prasad, Ayush, Multra, Melody, Sudhakar, Deepti, Mahadevan, Varun, Khan, Gul Nawaz, Soofi, Sajid, West Jr., Keith P.
Format: research tables/charts Journal Article
Published: MDPI Dec2025
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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      dt: Dec2025
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        atl: Fatty Acid Optimization of Locally Produced Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Foods for the Treatment of Acute Malnutrition in Children Using Linear Programming: An Application to India and Pakistan.
      aug:
        au:
          Ismail, Samir
          Umesh, Amith
          Khan, Mohid
          Moutwakil, Ahmed
          Nguyen, Tu
          Dantuluri, Meghana
          Annadanam, Akhila
          Prasad, Ayush
          Multra, Melody
          Sudhakar, Deepti
          Mahadevan, Varun
          Khan, Gul Nawaz
          Soofi, Sajid
          West Jr., Keith P.
        affil: Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
      sug:
        subj:
          Malnutrition Diet Therapy
          Fatty Acids, omega-3 Therapeutic Use
          Fatty Acids, omega-6 Therapeutic Use
          Dietary Supplementation
          Food, Formulated India
          Food, Formulated Pakistan
          Functional Food
          Human
          Male
          Female
          Infant
          Child, Preschool
          India
          Pakistan
          Funding Source
          Experimental Studies
          Nutritional Assessment
          Costs and Cost Analysis
          Microbial Culture and Sensitivity Tests
          Comparative Studies
          Nutritive Value
          Food Analysis
          Wasting Syndrome Prevention and Control
          Growth Disorders Prevention and Control
          Descriptive Statistics
          Data Analysis Software
          Infant: 1-23 months
          Child, Preschool: 2-5 years
          Male
          Female
      ab: Background/Objectives: Ready-to-use therapeutic foods (RUTFs) are a common treatment for children under five years diagnosed with acute malnutrition. However, traditional RUTFs are often not locally produced, and the costs of the RUTF can be a barrier to access in India and Pakistan. Our goal was to utilize linear programming (LP) to generate an RUTF formulation based on ingredients locally available in India and Pakistan. We also aim to evaluate the effectiveness of LP in generating such a recipe that is also nutrient-optimized to promote neurocognitive recovery. Methods: The RUTF recipe was generated by applying linear programming to a database of crop ingredients available in India, subject to nutritional constraints. The resulting formulation was produced and evaluated for nutrition content and shelf life. The efficacy of the LP tool was also evaluated based on the formulated product. Results: We demonstrate that the linear programming tool is largely accurate in predicting the true nutritional content of the formulation. Furthermore, the generated formulation, per 100 g, meets many global macronutrient standards for RUTFs while maintaining a predicted cost that is lower than that of industry-standard products. The conducted shelf-life study indicates the viability of the RUTF throughout an accelerated testing period. In addition, the satisfactory consideration of LA and ALA levels provides our RUTF with the potential to address concerns about low DHA levels, and thereby cognitive health, as compared to traditional RUTFs. Conclusions: We use linear programming to generate an affordable and fatty acid-optimized RUTF based on locally available ingredients. Therefore, this formulation holds immense potential to benefit communities in India and Pakistan facing high levels of child malnutrition.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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