An audit of instructions presented on paediatric oral liquid medicine labels dispensed by community pharmacies.

Background: To optimise health outcomes, it is important that caregivers understand the instructions on the labels of medicines dispensed for children. Aim: To describe how the instructions on the labels of oral liquid medicines dispensed in community pharmacies for a sample of children were present...

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Publicado en:Journal of Pharmacy Practice & Research Vol. 55; no. 6; pp. 492 - 500
Autores principales: Hanning, Sara, Naidu, Rajeshni, Evening, Rebman, Jung, Sam, Liu, Andrew, Rashid, Dua, Aspden, Trudi
Formato: research tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: Wiley-Blackwell Dec2025
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: Dec2025
      vid: 55
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      pub: Wiley-Blackwell
      place: Malden, Massachusetts
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        10.1002/jppr.70033
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        atl: An audit of instructions presented on paediatric oral liquid medicine labels dispensed by community pharmacies.
      aug:
        au:
          Hanning, Sara
          Naidu, Rajeshni
          Evening, Rebman
          Jung, Sam
          Liu, Andrew
          Rashid, Dua
          Aspden, Trudi
        affil: School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
      sug:
        subj:
          Drug Labeling New Zealand
          Administration, Oral In Infancy and Childhood
          Audit
          Pharmacy, Retail New Zealand
          Community Health Services
          Pediatric Care
          Human
          Descriptive Statistics
          Retrospective Design
          Record Review
          Information Literacy
          New Zealand
          Readability
          Child
          Drugs, Prescription
          Data Analysis Software
          Acetaminophen
          Amoxicillin
          Ibuprofen
          Dosage Forms
          Chemistry, Pharmaceutical
          Child: 6-12 years
      ab: Background: To optimise health outcomes, it is important that caregivers understand the instructions on the labels of medicines dispensed for children. Aim: To describe how the instructions on the labels of oral liquid medicines dispensed in community pharmacies for a sample of children were presented, focusing on the variation of elements known to influence comprehension. Method: This was a retrospective audit of the label instructions on oral liquid medicines dispensed to children aged 14 years and under by community pharmacy staff in Aotearoa New Zealand. The parameters of the instructions analysed included dose and dosing frequency presentation, the indication, duration of use, and the use of special characters. Ethical approval was granted by the Auckland Health Research Ethics Committee (Reference no: AH23844) and the study conforms with the Declaration of Helsinki. Results: In total, 2637 oral liquid medicine labels for 745 children, dispensed from 194 different community pharmacies, were analysed. Doses were written alphabetically (31.0%), numerically (40.3%), or alphanumerically (28.7%). Most labels (58.1%) expressed the frequency as the specific number of times per day without reference to a time of day or interval between doses. The explicit time of day to take the medicine was only included in 4.8% of labels, and the frequency interval in hours was included in 31.1% of labels. Conclusion: Considerable variation existed in medicine label elements known to influence understandability. Further research is needed to determine what the optimal format of a label is and whether Aotearoa New Zealand needs its own best practice guidelines for dispensed medicine labels.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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