Sex, care and the working body: ambiguities of the gendered racialisation as 'Eastern European'.

The concept 'cultural racism' is influential in scholarship on East–West mobilities in Europe. Balibar coined this term by observing that an essentialisation of 'cultural difference' has replaced the 'biologist focus' of historical racism. A neat separation between the role of 'biology' in history a...

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Publicado en:Journal of Ethnic & Migration Studies Vol. 52; no. 1; pp. 41 - 65
Autores principales: Lewicki, Aleksandra, Probst, Ursula
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: Taylor & Francis Ltd Jan2026
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Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: Jan2026
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        atl: Sex, care and the working body: ambiguities of the gendered racialisation as 'Eastern European'.
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        au:
          Lewicki, Aleksandra
          Probst, Ursula
        affil:
          Aleksandra Lewicki, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
          Ursula Probst, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
      su:
        Elder care
        Sex work
        Europeans
        Race identity
        Racism
        Unpaid labor
        Germany
        Eastern Europe
        Europe
      sug:
        subj:
          Germany
          Eastern Europe
          Europe
          Elder care
          Sex work
          Europeans
          Race identity
          Racism
          Unpaid labor
      keyword:
        East–West Inequalities
        gender
        political economy of social reproduction
        precarious labour
        racialisation
      ab: The concept 'cultural racism' is influential in scholarship on East–West mobilities in Europe. Balibar coined this term by observing that an essentialisation of 'cultural difference' has replaced the 'biologist focus' of historical racism. A neat separation between the role of 'biology' in history and of 'culture' in the present, however, insufficiently grasps how both feature within repertoires of racialisation. Here, we examine this for the racialisation as 'Eastern European' in Germany – including by looking at its histories, contemporary trajectories and material effects. Drawing on qualitative research, we trace how 'Eastern Europeanness' is produced in two employment sites – elder care and sex work – in which women from Europe's East often work. We find that shifting attributions of bodily and valued-based difference or proximity are mobilised in imaginaries of 'Eastern Europeans' in these sectors. These ambiguities constitute a key continuity in the gendered racialisation as 'Eastern European', which sustains the extraction of cheap social reproductive labour over generations. This racialisation also has material effects: working in these professions takes a toll on the worker's physical and mental health. On this basis, we propose a research agenda that thinks racialisation not only from its dichotomies but also from its ambiguities.
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