Effects of reinforcement sensitivity, impulsivity, and working memory on shoot/don't shoot performance in law enforcement officers and civilians under normal and high cognitive load.
We compared shoot/don't shoot task (SDST) performance in law enforcement officers (LEOs) and non-officers under normal cognitive load, and under higher load induced by processing a complex dispatch message. We also examined the effects of participants' behavioural activation (BAS) and inhibition (BI...
| Publicado en: | Ergonomics Vol. 69; no. 2; pp. 318 - 336 |
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| Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
| Formato: | pictorial research tables/charts Journal Article |
| Publicado: |
Taylor & Francis Ltd
Feb2026
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| Acceso en línea: | Ver este registro en EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=191012026&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: ccm uiTerm: 191012026 longDbName: CINAHL Complete uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: dissinfo: jinfo: jid: 00140139 ERO jtl: Ergonomics issn: 00140139 maglogo: Y pubinfo: dt: Feb2026 vid: 69 iid: 2 pid: 377 pub: Taylor & Francis Ltd place: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania artinfo: ui: 191012026 183314128 191012026 191012026 10.1080/00140139.2025.2466013 191012026 ppf: 318 ppct: 18 formats: tig: atl: Effects of reinforcement sensitivity, impulsivity, and working memory on shoot/don't shoot performance in law enforcement officers and civilians under normal and high cognitive load. aug: au: Horn, Robert R. Paletta, Skylar Sandri Heidner, Gustavo Lewinski, William J. Bartel, Lon Gwon, Daniel Murray, Nicholas P. affil: Department of Kinesiology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA sug: subj: Cognition Evaluation Reinforcement (Psychology) Evaluation Impulsive Behavior Evaluation Memory, Short Term Evaluation Firearms Task Performance and Analysis Police Population Surveillance Human Male Female Adult Descriptive Statistics Analysis of Covariance Data Analysis Software Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test Mann-Whitney U Test Confidence Intervals One-Way Analysis of Variance Post Hoc Analysis Kruskal-Wallis Test T-Tests Comparative Studies Adult: 19-44 years Male Female ab: We compared shoot/don't shoot task (SDST) performance in law enforcement officers (LEOs) and non-officers under normal cognitive load, and under higher load induced by processing a complex dispatch message. We also examined the effects of participants' behavioural activation (BAS) and inhibition (BIS) systems, impulsivity, and working memory on SDST performance. Stimuli were videos of shoot and don't shoot variations performed by three actors. Dependent measures were shoot errors, fail-to-shoot errors, response time, and shooting accuracy. Compared to non-officers, LEOs were more accurate and adapted to make fewer fail-to-shoot errors. They were not faster, and did not make fewer shoot errors. Compared to normal cognitive load, under higher load, participants were quicker and more accurate, but made more shoot errors. The higher cognitive load condition revealed effects that were not present under normal load. Participants making more shoot errors had higher BAS, and BIS than those making fewer or no errors. PRACTITIONER SUMMARY: Police training and experience did not facilitate LEOs holding fire in 'don't shoot' situations compared to non-officers. Processing a complex dispatch message during this task also made participants more prone to making shoot errors, and revealed impacts of other factors such as BAS and BIS. pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: pictorial research tables/charts Journal Article ougenre: Article language: English refInfo: holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
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