Effects of reinforcement sensitivity, impulsivity, and working memory on shoot/don't shoot performance in law enforcement officers and civilians under normal and high cognitive load.

We compared shoot/don't shoot task (SDST) performance in law enforcement officers (LEOs) and non-officers under normal cognitive load, and under higher load induced by processing a complex dispatch message. We also examined the effects of participants' behavioural activation (BAS) and inhibition (BI...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Publicado en:Ergonomics Vol. 69; no. 2; pp. 318 - 336
Autores principales: Horn, Robert R., Paletta, Skylar, Sandri Heidner, Gustavo, Lewinski, William J., Bartel, Lon, Gwon, Daniel, Murray, Nicholas P.
Formato: pictorial research tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: Taylor & Francis Ltd Feb2026
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
fields @attributes:
  recordID: 1
pdfLink:
plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=191012026&site=ehost-live
header:
  @attributes:
    shortDbName: ccm
    uiTerm: 191012026
    longDbName: CINAHL Complete
    uiTag: AN
  controlInfo:
    bkinfo:
    dissinfo:
    jinfo:
      jid:
        00140139
        ERO
      jtl: Ergonomics
      issn: 00140139
      maglogo: Y
    pubinfo:
      dt: Feb2026
      vid: 69
      iid: 2
      pid: 377
      pub: Taylor & Francis Ltd
      place: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
    artinfo:
      ui:
        191012026
        183314128
        191012026
        191012026
        10.1080/00140139.2025.2466013
        191012026
      ppf: 318
      ppct: 18
      formats:
      tig:
        atl: Effects of reinforcement sensitivity, impulsivity, and working memory on shoot/don't shoot performance in law enforcement officers and civilians under normal and high cognitive load.
      aug:
        au:
          Horn, Robert R.
          Paletta, Skylar
          Sandri Heidner, Gustavo
          Lewinski, William J.
          Bartel, Lon
          Gwon, Daniel
          Murray, Nicholas P.
        affil: Department of Kinesiology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA
      sug:
        subj:
          Cognition Evaluation
          Reinforcement (Psychology) Evaluation
          Impulsive Behavior Evaluation
          Memory, Short Term Evaluation
          Firearms
          Task Performance and Analysis
          Police
          Population Surveillance
          Human
          Male
          Female
          Adult
          Descriptive Statistics
          Analysis of Covariance
          Data Analysis Software
          Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test
          Mann-Whitney U Test
          Confidence Intervals
          One-Way Analysis of Variance
          Post Hoc Analysis
          Kruskal-Wallis Test
          T-Tests
          Comparative Studies
          Adult: 19-44 years
          Male
          Female
      ab: We compared shoot/don't shoot task (SDST) performance in law enforcement officers (LEOs) and non-officers under normal cognitive load, and under higher load induced by processing a complex dispatch message. We also examined the effects of participants' behavioural activation (BAS) and inhibition (BIS) systems, impulsivity, and working memory on SDST performance. Stimuli were videos of shoot and don't shoot variations performed by three actors. Dependent measures were shoot errors, fail-to-shoot errors, response time, and shooting accuracy. Compared to non-officers, LEOs were more accurate and adapted to make fewer fail-to-shoot errors. They were not faster, and did not make fewer shoot errors. Compared to normal cognitive load, under higher load, participants were quicker and more accurate, but made more shoot errors. The higher cognitive load condition revealed effects that were not present under normal load. Participants making more shoot errors had higher BAS, and BIS than those making fewer or no errors. PRACTITIONER SUMMARY: Police training and experience did not facilitate LEOs holding fire in 'don't shoot' situations compared to non-officers. Processing a complex dispatch message during this task also made participants more prone to making shoot errors, and revealed impacts of other factors such as BAS and BIS.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        pictorial
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
    refInfo:
    holdings:
      @attributes:
        islocal: N