Data retrieval from local heritage books—Is artificial intelligence the solution?

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming all scientific disciplines. Among its many applications, AI can facilitate data retrieval from a wide range of sources. We evaluate the performance of large language models in extracting data from local heritage books—valuable sources for economic...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Historical Methods Vol. 59; no. 1; pp. 1 - 20
Main Authors: Stelter, Robert, Biehler, Rafael
Format: Article
Published: Taylor & Francis Ltd Jan-Mar2026
Subjects:
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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        10.1080/01615440.2025.2512744
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        atl: Data retrieval from local heritage books—Is artificial intelligence the solution?
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          Stelter, Robert
          Biehler, Rafael
        affil:
          Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Basel, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research
          Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Basel
      su:
        Data extraction
        Python programming language
        Demography
        Textbooks
        Economic history
        Information retrieval
        Language models
        Artificial intelligence
      sug:
        subj:
          Data extraction
          Python programming language
          Demography
          Textbooks
          Economic history
          Information retrieval
          Language models
          Artificial intelligence
      keyword:
        data retrieval
        Large language models
        local heritage books
        Python programming
      ab: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming all scientific disciplines. Among its many applications, AI can facilitate data retrieval from a wide range of sources. We evaluate the performance of large language models in extracting data from local heritage books—valuable sources for economic and demographic history. We compare the results of AI-driven, Python code-based, and manual data retrieval for random samples of observations from three heritage books. Our analysis shows that Python code-based retrieval consistently outperforms AI, particularly in minimizing issues such as omitted or hallucinated data. Furthermore, we show that, with minor modifications our Python code-based methods can be adapted to other local heritage books, highlighting the robustness and scalability of this traditional approach.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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