From withdrawal to web: A cross-sectional study of Hikikomori tendencies, social cynicism, and problematic internet use among young adults in Singapore.

Background: Hikikomori, marked by intense social withdrawal and isolation, was first reported in Japan and has since been identified globally, including in Singapore. While excessive internet use has been proposed as a potential contributing factor, its influence remains contested. Rather, a person'...

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Publicado en:International Journal of Social Psychiatry Vol. 72; no. 1; pp. 129 - 138
Autores principales: Morshidi, Izzat, Naidu, Kuhanesan, Embleton, Samuel George, Millar, Anthony
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: Sage Publications Inc. Feb2026
Materias:
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: Feb2026
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      pub: Sage Publications Inc.
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        10.1177/00207640251357077
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        atl: From withdrawal to web: A cross-sectional study of Hikikomori tendencies, social cynicism, and problematic internet use among young adults in Singapore.
      aug:
        au:
          Morshidi, Izzat
          Naidu, Kuhanesan
          Embleton, Samuel George
          Millar, Anthony
        affil:
          University of Portsmouth, UK
          Royal Holloway, University of London, UK
          Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
          Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
      su:
        Singapore
        Internet addiction
        Cross-sectional method
        Analysis of variance
        Social isolation
        Patients' attitudes
        Adults
        Research funding
        Statistical sampling
        Multiple regression analysis
        Questionnaires
        Descriptive statistics
        Data analysis software
      sug:
        subj:
          Internet addiction
          Cross-sectional method
          Analysis of variance
          Social isolation
          Patients' attitudes
          Adults
          Singapore
          Marketing Research and Public Opinion Polling
          Research funding
          Statistical sampling
          Multiple regression analysis
          Questionnaires
          Descriptive statistics
          Data analysis software
      keyword:
        Hikikomori
        internet use
        social cynicism
        Hikikomori
        internet use
        social cynicism
      ab: Background: Hikikomori, marked by intense social withdrawal and isolation, was first reported in Japan and has since been identified globally, including in Singapore. While excessive internet use has been proposed as a potential contributing factor, its influence remains contested. Rather, a person's negative and cynical view of their social environment may better explain the tendency to withdraw which is mediated by internet use. Aims: This study investigates social cynicism as a potential antecedent of Hikikomori among Singaporean adults, exploring whether problematic internet use mediates this relationship. Methods: The study employed a cross-sectional design with a sample of 229 adults in Singapore, using validated measures to assess levels of social cynicism, problematic internet use, and Hikikomori tendencies. Path analyses were applied to determine both direct and mediated effects. Results: Results indicated that social cynicism and problematic internet use significantly predicted Hikikomori tendencies, with social cynicism having a stronger effect. Furthermore, internet use partially mediated the relationship between social cynicism and Hikikomori, suggesting that while internet use contributes, social cynicism exerts a more robust influence on Hikikomori tendencies in Singapore. Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of addressing social cynicism in interventions to mitigate Hikikomori in Singapore. Targeting cynical beliefs about societal environments may enhance social integration and reduce the prevalence of social withdrawal. Future research and interventions should thus prioritize addressing these cynical perspectives to support well-being and reduce Hikikomori in the Singaporean context.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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