A Cross‐Sectional Study to Determine Candida spp. Carriage in Libyan Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.

The risk for Candida infections in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) is three times higher than in the general population. Despite a DM prevalence of 15.8% reported in Libya (2024), the laboratory identification and susceptibility testing of fungal infections in patients with DM are not routinely...

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Publicado en:BioMed Research International Vol. 2026; pp. 1 - 12
Autores principales: Esmaio, Mustafa H. M., Abrantes, Pedro M. D. S., Africa, Charlene W. J., Khurshid, Mohsin
Formato: research tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: Wiley-Blackwell 1/22/2026
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: 1/22/2026
      vid: 2026
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      pub: Wiley-Blackwell
      place: Malden, Massachusetts
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        10.1155/bmri/5379778
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        atl: A Cross‐Sectional Study to Determine Candida spp. Carriage in Libyan Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.
      aug:
        au:
          Esmaio, Mustafa H. M.
          Abrantes, Pedro M. D. S.
          Africa, Charlene W. J.
          Khurshid, Mohsin
        affil: Maternal Endogenous Infections Studies (MEnIS) Research Laboratories, , Department of Medical Biosciences, , University of the Western Cape, , Bellville, South Africa, uwc.ac.za
      sug:
        subj:
          Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 Libya
          Candidiasis, Oral Epidemiology
          Mouth Mucosa Microbiology
          Antifungal Agents Therapeutic Use
          Drug Resistance, Microbial Evaluation
          Bacterial Colonization
          Human
          Libya
          Diabetic Patients
          Funding Source
          Cross Sectional Studies
          Adult
          Middle Age
          Aged
          Aged, 80 and Over
          Male
          Female
          Microbial Culture and Sensitivity Tests
          Microscopy
          Staining and Labeling
          Candida Classification
          Data Analysis Software
          Fluconazole
          Sex Factors
          Drug Resistance, Multiple
          Adult: 19-44 years
          Middle Aged: 45-64 years
          Aged: 65+ years
          Aged, 80 & over
          Male
          Female
      ab: The risk for Candida infections in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) is three times higher than in the general population. Despite a DM prevalence of 15.8% reported in Libya (2024), the laboratory identification and susceptibility testing of fungal infections in patients with DM are not routinely performed. This cross‐sectional study investigated the prevalence and antifungal drug resistance patterns of Candida species in the oral mucosa of Libyan patients with Type 2 DM. Oral samples were collected with a sterile cotton swab, and 182 Candida isolates were phenotypically identified using the API ID 32 C and VITEK 2 Compact systems. Isolates were screened for their susceptibility to fluconazole and five other antifungals using disk diffusion and VITEK AST‐YS07 cards. Statistically significant associations were found between Candida carriage and clinical presentation (p = 0.032), denture wearing (p = 0.025) and sex (p = 0.012). Although Candida albicans was the predominant species isolated (37.4%), the majority of isolates comprised non‐albicans Candida (NAC). Candida humicola and Candida dubliniensis coexisted with other Candida species. Most Candida species showed susceptibility or dose‐dependent susceptibility (DDS) to fluconazole with low resistance to the other antifungal drugs. Candida glabrata, Candida guilliermondii and Candida krusei were resistant to fluconazole, and multidrug resistance was observed in some C. albicans, C. dubliniensis and C. krusei isolates. Candida membranifaciens and Candida parapsilosis showed either DDS or resistance to fluconazole. The emerging resistance to second‐line antifungals requires the establishment of routine Candida identification and antifungal susceptibility testing to guide species‐specific treatment.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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