Multimodal prediction of psychotic-like experiences using elastic net modeling: external validation in a clinical sample.

Background Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) are considered a subclinical component of psychosis continuum. Studies indicate that PLEs arise from multimodal factors, yet research comprehensively examining these factors together remains scarce. Using a large youth sample, we present the first model t...

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Publicado en:Psychological Medicine Vol. 55; pp. 1 - 11
Formato: research tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: Cambridge University Press 2025
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: 2025
      vid: 55
      pid: 15979
      pub: Cambridge University Press
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        10.1017/S0033291725102201
        191245382
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        atl: Multimodal prediction of psychotic-like experiences using elastic net modeling: external validation in a clinical sample.
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        subj:
          Psychotic Disorders Physiopathology
          Psychotic Disorders Diagnosis
          Psychotic Disorders Symptoms
          Patient Attitudes
          Brain Radiography
          Brain Mapping
          Human
          Funding Source
          Turkiye
          Male
          Female
          Adolescence
          Young Adult
          Machine Learning
          Magnetic Resonance Imaging
          Brain Physiology
          Cognition
          Self Concept
          Environmental Exposure
          Prediction Models
          Predictive Value of Tests
          Hardiness
          Neuroradiography
          Psychotic Disorders Familial and Genetic
          Family History
          Scales
          Descriptive Statistics
          Data Analysis Software
          Chi Square Test
          Structural Equation Modeling
          Time Series
          Univariate Statistics
          Models, Statistical
          Social Cohesion
          ROC Curve
          Interpersonal Relations
          Sibling Relations
          Sensitivity and Specificity
          Confidence Intervals
          Adolescent: 13-18 years
          Male
          Female
      ab: Background Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) are considered a subclinical component of psychosis continuum. Studies indicate that PLEs arise from multimodal factors, yet research comprehensively examining these factors together remains scarce. Using a large youth sample, we present the first model that simultaneously examines multimodal factors related to PLEs. As a secondary aim, we evaluate the model's ability to explain psychosis in an external validation cohort that included individuals experiencing psychosis. Methods After applying variable selection including generalized estimating equations, correlation filtering, Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator model to 741 variables (i.e. environmental factors, cognitive appraisals, clinical variables, cognitive functioning, and structural brain connectome measures), obtained PLEs predictors (N  = 27) and covariates (i.e. age, sex, IQ) were included in the classification model based on Elastic Net algorithm for predicting high/low PLEs in 396 healthy participants aged 14–24 (M age  = 19.72 ± 2.5). We externally validated PLE-related predictors in a clinical sample comprising first-episode psychosis patients (n  = 19), their siblings (n  = 20), and healthy controls (n  = 19). Results Eleven factors, including environmental and cognitive appraisals, along with 16 structural network properties spanning frontal, temporal, occipital, and parietal regions, were identified as important predictors of PLEs. The model's performance was moderate in predicting low versus high PLEs (accuracy = 75%, AUC = 0.750). Specificity was high (84.2%) in distinguishing siblings from patients. Conclusions Multimodal features, including environmental burden, cognitive schemas, and brain network alterations, predict PLEs and partially generalize to clinical psychosis. These variables may reflect intermediate phenotypes across the psychosis spectrum, offering insights into both vulnerability and resilience.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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