Unraveling the phenotypic expression of ADHD symptoms in middle- and older-aged adults: insights from confirmatory factor analysis of the US Health and Retirement Study.
Background Few studies have examined attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in middle- and older-aged adults. We aim to examine the phenotypic expression of ADHD symptoms in these age groups. Methods This study comprised a random sample (N = 1,562) from the US Health and Retiremen...
| Publicado en: | Psychological Medicine Vol. 55; pp. 1 - 10 |
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| Formato: | research tables/charts Journal Article |
| Publicado: |
Cambridge University Press
2025
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| Acceso en línea: | Ver este registro en EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=191245517&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: ccm uiTerm: 191245517 longDbName: CINAHL Complete uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: dissinfo: jinfo: jid: 00332917 6Q3 jtl: Psychological Medicine issn: 00332917 maglogo: N pubinfo: dt: 2025 vid: 55 pid: 15979 pub: Cambridge University Press artinfo: ui: 191245517 191245517 191245517 10.1017/S0033291725101347 191245517 ppf: 1 ppct: 9 formats: tig: atl: Unraveling the phenotypic expression of ADHD symptoms in middle- and older-aged adults: insights from confirmatory factor analysis of the US Health and Retirement Study. aug: sug: subj: Phenotype United States Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Familial and Genetic Human Male Female Middle Age Aged Aged, 80 and Over Random Sample United States Scales Factor Analysis Comparative Studies Impulsive Behavior Chi Square Test Confidence Intervals Cognition Disorders Dementia Cognition Depression Symptoms Genetic Risk Score Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Epidemiology Prediction Models Interviews Cross Sectional Studies Classification Algorithms Descriptive Statistics Data Analysis Software Psychological Tests Self Report Aging Middle Aged: 45-64 years Aged: 65+ years Aged, 80 & over Male Female ab: Background Few studies have examined attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in middle- and older-aged adults. We aim to examine the phenotypic expression of ADHD symptoms in these age groups. Methods This study comprised a random sample (N = 1,562) from the US Health and Retirement Study 2016, a representative US sample aged 50 years and over. ADHD symptoms were assessed based on the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale. Results In the primary analysis, 10 competing confirmatory factor analytic models of ADHD symptoms in middle- and older-aged adults were compared. The best-fitting model was hierarchical with a general ADHD factor at the apex and underneath symptom factors of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity (ꭓ 2 = 319.34, df = 91.71, P = 0.00, TLI = 0.98, CFI = 0.96, RMSEA = 0.04, 95% CI = 0.04–0.05). In complementary analyses, this model was a satisfactory fit to the data: (1) in individuals without a history of cognitive impairment or dementia, and when the general ADHD factor was specified to load on (2) cognitive function, (3) depressive symptoms (which showed adequate fit), and (4) ADHD polygenic scores, (5) in middle- and older-aged adults, and (6) when weighted to represent the US population. Conclusions These results imply a hierarchical representation of ADHD symptoms in middle- and older-aged adults consisting of a general factor at the apex with neurocognitive and genetic correlates and underneath symptom factors of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Collectively, this model offers a novel framework to study the mechanisms of ADHD symptoms in middle- and older-aged adults and points to treatment targets. pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: research tables/charts Journal Article ougenre: Article language: English refInfo: holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
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