An Integrative Analysis of Behavioral, Psychological, and Smartphone Use Factors Associated With Sleep Quality: A Cross-Sectional Study of Saudi Undergraduate Students.
Sleep quality is a critical component of student well-being and academic performance. This study aimed to examine the association between demographic characteristics, health and mental behaviors, smartphone usage, and sleep quality among undergraduate students at Jazan University in Saudi Arabia. A...
| Published in: | Inquiry (00469580) Vol. 63; pp. 1 - 11 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Article |
| Published: |
Sage Publications Inc.
1/29/2026
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | View this record in EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=hlh&AN=191254453&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: hlh uiTerm: 191254453 longDbName: Humanities International Complete uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: jinfo: jid: 00469580 INQ jtl: Inquiry (00469580) issn: 00469580 maglogo: Y pubinfo: dt: 1/29/2026 vid: 63 pid: 344 pub: Sage Publications Inc. artinfo: ui: 191254453 10.1177/00469580251413526 ppf: 1 ppct: 10 formats: tig: atl: An Integrative Analysis of Behavioral, Psychological, and Smartphone Use Factors Associated With Sleep Quality: A Cross-Sectional Study of Saudi Undergraduate Students. aug: au: Almalki, Manal Ali Ahmed, Manal A. Alzahrani, Ali M. Mehmood, Asim Felix, Holly C. Almalki, Raghad Alhashemy, Bashair Musawi, Hatun affil: Department of Public Health, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia Department of Health Administration and Hospitals, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia Department of Health Policy and Management, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA su: Competency assessment (Law) Cross-sectional method Caffeine Smartphones Health status indicators Exercise T-test (Statistics) Coffee Scientific observation Statistical sampling Smoking Parameters (Statistics) Multiple regression analysis Central nervous system stimulants Universities & colleges Psychological well-being Descriptive statistics Multivariate analysis Anxiety Screen time Mathematical statistics Sleep duration Health behavior Analysis of variance Food habits Sleep Sleep quality Psychology of college students Data analysis software Drinking behavior Physical activity Regression analysis Diet Energy drinks Saudi Arabia sug: subj: Saudi Arabia Competency assessment (Law) Cross-sectional method Caffeine Smartphones Health status indicators Exercise T-test (Statistics) Coffee Scientific observation Statistical sampling Smoking Parameters (Statistics) Multiple regression analysis Central nervous system stimulants Universities & colleges Psychological well-being Descriptive statistics Multivariate analysis Anxiety Screen time Mathematical statistics Sleep duration Health behavior Analysis of variance Food habits Sleep Sleep quality Psychology of college students Data analysis software Drinking behavior Physical activity Regression analysis Diet Energy drinks keyword: anxiety health behaviors sleep quality smartphone usage undergraduate students ab: Sleep quality is a critical component of student well-being and academic performance. This study aimed to examine the association between demographic characteristics, health and mental behaviors, smartphone usage, and sleep quality among undergraduate students at Jazan University in Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted between April and June 2023. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The questionnaire included demographic data, health behaviors (exercise, diet, stimulant intake, smoking, qat use), anxiety levels, and smartphone usage patterns. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, and multivariable linear regression. A total of 1564 students participated. Demographic variables were not significantly associated with sleep quality. However, poor sleep quality was significantly associated with several factors. Students who exercised less (mean PSQI = 8.19 vs 7.67; P =.003) or followed an unhealthy diet (8.10 vs 7.33; P =.001) reported worse sleep. High intake of stimulants, such as coffee (>3 times/day: β = 1.08, P =.021), tea, and soft drinks, was also linked to poorer sleep. Anxiety showed a clear dose-response effect, with mild, moderate, and severe anxiety associated with PSQI increases of 0.89, 2.27, and 3.43 points, respectively (all P <.001). Evening (β =.52, P =.016) and bedtime (β =.42, P =.029) smartphone use further predicted worse sleep quality, independent of total usage time. Sleep quality among undergraduate students is primarily influenced by modifiable lifestyle and psychological factors. Interventions promoting healthier routines, reducing stimulant intake, managing anxiety, and improving digital habits are essential to support student well-being. pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: Article src: R language: English refInfo: copyright: @attributes: flag: Y dt: @attributes: year: 2026 holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
|---|