Meta-analytic investigations of the effect of cognitive offloading on memory-based task performance and interindividual variability.

Humans have long used external resources to overcome limitations of internal memory. However, experimental research investigating the efficacy of these strategies has emerged relatively recently. Given the rapidly growing interest in this topic, we conducted two meta-analyses to answer key questions...

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Publicado en:Memory & Cognition Vol. 54; no. 1; pp. 144 - 169
Autores principales: Burnett, Lois K., Richmond, Lauren L.
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: Springer Nature Jan2026
Materias:
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: Jan2026
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      pub: Springer Nature
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        10.3758/s13421-025-01743-8
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        atl: Meta-analytic investigations of the effect of cognitive offloading on memory-based task performance and interindividual variability.
      aug:
        au:
          Burnett, Lois K.
          Richmond, Lauren L.
        affil: https://ror.org/05qghxh33 Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
      su:
        Task performance
        Executive function
        Age distribution
        Memory
        Meta-analysis
        Descriptive statistics
        MEDLINE
        Online information services
        Short-term memory
        Psychology information storage & retrieval systems
      sug:
        subj:
          Task performance
          Executive function
          Age distribution
          Memory
          Meta-analysis
          Descriptive statistics
          MEDLINE
          Online information services
          Short-term memory
          Psychology information storage & retrieval systems
      keyword:
        Cognitive offloading
        Meta-analysis of variance
        Psychology and Cognitive Sciences Psychology
        Cognitive offloading
        Meta-analysis of variance
        Psychology and Cognitive Sciences Psychology
      ab: Humans have long used external resources to overcome limitations of internal memory. However, experimental research investigating the efficacy of these strategies has emerged relatively recently. Given the rapidly growing interest in this topic, we conducted two meta-analyses to answer key questions regarding the effects of cognitive offloading – the use of physical action to reduce internal cognitive demand – on the performance of memory-based tasks. A meta-analysis of mean differences revealed that the benefit of offloading is greater for forced- compared to choice-offloading conditions and within- compared to between-subject designs. A meta-analysis of variance found that cognitive offloading reduces interindividual variability in the performance of memory-based tasks and that the reduction is greater for adults compared to children, for forced- compared to choice-offloading conditions, and for prospective compared to retrospective memory tasks. Study modality was not a significant moderator in either analysis. We discuss the applied, theoretical, and methodological implications of these findings.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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