Artificial Intelligence in Pleural Diseases: Current Applications and Next Steps.

Pleural diseases pose a significant burden on healthcare systems due to diagnostic challenges and high costs. Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to provide faster, more accurate, and more reliable results in the diagnosis of these diseases. This review evaluates the current status of AI...

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Publicado en:Thoracic Research & Practice Vol. 27; no. 1; pp. 57 - 68
Autores principales: Karataş, Ferhan, Dikensoy, Öner
Formato: review tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI Jan2026
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: Jan2026
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      pub: Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI
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        10.4274/ThoracResPract.2025.2025-6-2
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        atl: Artificial Intelligence in Pleural Diseases: Current Applications and Next Steps.
      aug:
        au:
          Karataş, Ferhan
          Dikensoy, Öner
        affil: Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Koç University Hospital, İstanbul, Türkiye
      sug:
        subj:
          Pleural Diseases Diagnosis
          Pleural Diseases Therapy
          Artificial Intelligence
          Pleural Effusion Diagnosis
          Pleural Effusion, Malignant Diagnosis
          Tuberculosis Diagnosis
          Pleurisy Diagnosis
          Pneumothorax Diagnosis
          Mesothelioma, Malignant Diagnosis
          Deep Learning
          Algorithms
          Diagnosis, Computer Assisted
          Radiography, Computed
          Radiography, Thoracic
          Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography
          Lung Ultrasonography
          Biological Markers Blood
      ab: Pleural diseases pose a significant burden on healthcare systems due to diagnostic challenges and high costs. Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to provide faster, more accurate, and more reliable results in the diagnosis of these diseases. This review evaluates the current status of AI technologies in the diagnosis of pleural effusion (PE), malignant PE, tuberculosis pleurisy (TP), pneumothorax, and malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Deep learning algorithms developed for radiological diagnosis provide high sensitivity and specificity in determining the presence and severity of PE. AI models that integrate clinical parameters such as chest computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET)-CT, and tumour markers in distinguishing between benign and malignant effusions have significantly improved diagnostic accuracy (area under the curve: >0.90). In cytological diagnosis, computer-assisted systems such as Aitrox have demonstrated performance comparable to that of expert cytopathologists in diagnosing malignant effusions. In the diagnosis of TP, AI models outperform conventional diagnostic methods, particularly when combined with laboratory parameters such as adenosine deaminase. Food and Drug Administration-approved AI models are effectively used for the rapid diagnosis of pneumothorax and for emergency interventions. In MPM diagnosis, AI models using PET-CT images and three-dimensional segmentation offer significant advantages in prognostic evaluation and treatment response monitoring. However, large-scale, multi-centre studies are needed to standardise and generalise AI models. In light of these developments, AI may fundamentally change the diagnostic management of pleural diseases.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        review
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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